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Francisella
F. tularensis
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| this species was discovered in ground squirrels in 1911. | F. tularensis |
| gram stain appearance | small, poorly staining, gram negative rods |
| cultivated by prolonged incubation on | chocolate agar |
| pinpoint colonies on | chocolate agar |
| oxidase | negative |
| catalase | weak or negative |
| Francisellaceae are found | widely distributed in the environment |
| F. tularensis is found in what animals | birds, reptiles, fish, invertebrates and mammals, including humans |
| caused by contact with | infected animals or vectors |
| vectors | ticks, mosquitos, deer flies |
| reservoirs | lagomorphs, rodents, galliform birds and deer |
| number of ways humans can become infected | 4 |
| human infection | handling carcasses or skin of infected animals |
| human infection | ingesting contaminated water |
| human infection | being bitten by carnivores who are contaminated |
| human infection | being bitten by ticks |
| 3 types of tick reservoirs found in the US | dog, wood, lone star ticks |
| contact with infected animals or vectors causes the disease | Tulerania disease |
| deer flies can also transmit | Tulerania disease |
| F. tularensis bacteria type | facultative intracellular |
| primarily infects, the host organism cell type | macrophages |
| Entry into the macrophage occurs via | phagocytosis |
| the bacterium is sequestered from the interior of the cell by a | phagosome |
| F. tularensis then breaks out of this phagosome into the cytosol and | rapidly proliferates |
| Eventually the infected cell undergoes | apotosis |
| progeny bacteria are to initiate new rounds of | infection |
| most common form of disease | ulceroglandular |
| symptoms of ulceroglandular F. tularensis | red papule forms an ulcer, glands swell |
| in the bloodstream ulceroglandular causes | fever, chills, head and body aches |
| the 3 clinical manifestations are | glandular, systemic and pneumonia |
| most serious form is , it is caused by | pneumonia, inhalation of infected aerosols |
| systemic septicemia has a mortality rate of | 30-60% |
| specimen types | whole blood or serum |
| cultivation | needs cysteine, sulfhydryl, no CO2, slow growing |
| plates must be taped because it is a danger to | lab employees/ highly infectious |
| because it can be aerosoliized it is a potential | bioweapon |
Created by:
nawchem
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