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Chapter 8 Vocab Quiz
Pre-AP World History
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Mongols | Nomad group originally from Asian steppes: Formed the largest land-based empire. |
| Steppes | High plateaus of Asia, dry grasslands. |
| Yurts | Mongols portable shelters. |
| Temujin/Genghis Khan | First leader of the unified Mongol people in 1206. |
| Karakorum | Capital of the Mongols. |
| Mangonel and Trebuchet | Catapult weapons used for siege warfare. |
| Turks | Cultural group of nomads which splintered into many groups such as the Seljuk and Ottomans. |
| Kublai Khan | A grandson of Genghis Khan who conquered China 1276 and set up the Yuan Dynasty. |
| Khanate | Term for Mongol empire. |
| Timur/Tamerlane | Turkish descent of Genghis Khan who rose to power in the Khanate of Jagadai and conquered a large area of central Asia between North India and Moscow. |
| The Secret History Of The Mongols | Primary source of Mongol history written by a Mongol who may have been close to Genghis Khan. |
| Pax Mongolia | Time period of peace and prosperity under Mongol rule. |
| Black Death | Pandemic disease which originated in East Asia and spread to Europe during the Middle Ages. |
| Ghazan | Il-Khan ruler who eased tensions between the Mongols and Muslims by converting to Islam in 1295. |
| Osman | Founded the Ottoman Turks in 1299. |
| Istanbul | Former Constantinople re-named after capture by the Ottoman Turks. |
| Alexander Nevskii | Russian prince of Novgorod who accepted a tributary relationship with the Mongols. |
| Khanate Of The Golden Horde | Mongol Khanate which took over parts of Russia. |
| Teutonic Knights | Militant crusading order of Christian soldiers who fought against Muslim Turks during the Crusades. |
| Moscow and Novgorod | Russian principalities which benefited from trade with the Mongols. |
| Khanbalik | Capital of the Yuan Dynasty, previously Beijing, meant city of the Khan. |
| Yuan Dynasty | Mongol dynasty in China set up by Kublai Khan in 1279. |
| Kamikaze | Typhoon, or divine winds, which protected Japan from Mongol invasion. |
| Chabi | Kublai Khan's favorite wife, whose death may have caused the decline of his reign. |
| Marco Polo | Merchant from Italy who traveled to Kublai Khan's court and kept detailed journals which serve as primary sources. |
| Ju Yuanzhang/Hongwu | Peasant who lead a rebellion against the Mongols and founded the Ming Dynasty in 1368. |
| Ming Dynasty | Brilliant dynasty formed the the Chinese after the collapse of the Mongol ruled Yuan. |
| Nanjing | Capital of the Ming Dynasty. |
| Mandarins | Emissaries to the Ming emperor who monitored the local officials and made sure they were governing in accordance with the Ming. |
| Eunuchs | Castrated male servants in the Ming court. Most famous was Zheng He. |
| Warring States Period | 403-221 B.C.E.. Turbulent time between Zhou and Qin. |
| Era of Division | Turbulent time between Han and Sui marked by civil war and disunity. 6 weak dynasties fighting for Mandate of Heaven. |
| Sui Dynasty | First politically centralized dynasty following fall of Han and era of Division. |
| Li Yuan | First Tang emperor in 618 C.E.. |
| Tang Dynasty | Politically centralized, medieval dynasty after the collapse of Sui. Capital at Chang'an. |
| Chang'an | Capital of Sui, Han, and Tang dynasties. |
| Tang Taizong | Tang ruler known for expansion. |
| Scholar Gentry | Educated, upper-class elite who work for Chinese government. |
| Tributary System | China forced less powerful kingdoms into a subservient relationship. |
| Kowtow | Ceremonial ritual that tributary delegations had to preform while presenting tribute to the Chinese emperor. |
| Equal-Field System | Land re-distribution system began by the Tang to limit the power of aristocrats. |
| Grand Canal | 1,100 mile man made canal that linked the Yangtze and Huang He for trade and transportation. |
| Li Bo | Tang poet whose writing reflected free spirit and love for nature. |
| Du Fu | Tang poet whose writings reflected social justice. |
| Chan/Zen | Buddhism sect developed in East Asia with a strong emphasis on meditation. |
| Uighurs | Nomadic Turkish people, helped the Tang emperor put down rebellions in 750's, attacked and stole from Chang'an. |
| Song Dynasty | Politically centralized, powerful medieval Chinese dynasty following collapse of Tang. |
| Khitan | Pastoral nomads who set up the Liao Empire in China's northern frontier. |
| Minyak | Pastoral nomads who set up the Xi Xia Empire in China's western lands. |
| Jurchen | Northern nomadic group who forced the Song into a reverse tributary system. |
| Kaifeng | Original capital of the Song, given up after Jurchen invasion. |
| Mencius | Confucian contemporary scholar who combined Buddhism and Confucianism. |
| Wu Zhao | Female Tang emperor, claimed to be a reincarnation of Buddha. |
| Li Qingzhao | Song dynasty female poet. |
| The Three Kingdoms | Three political organizations of early Korea, the Silla, Koryo, and Paekche. |
| Silla Dynasty | First politically unified Korean Dynasty. |
| Koryo Dynasty | Second politically unified Korean Dynasty. |
| Celadon | Green-glazed porcelain. became a highly valued art form in Korea. |
| Viets | Early agricultural settlers in the Red River delta of modern Vietnam. |
| Shintoism | Japanese indigenous religion based on Kami. |
| Kami | Polytheistic Shinto gods and goddesses. |
| Fujiwara Family | Medieval Shogunate family who ruled Japan during the Heian Era. |
| Nara and Kyoto | Capitals of Japan during the Heian Era, ruled by the Fujiwara Shogunate. |
| Heian Era | Rule of Fujiwara Shogunate in Japan. |
| The Tale of Gengi | Novel written by Murasaki Shikibu, fictional, lossely based around the Fujiwara family. |
| Minamoto Family | Second medieval Shogunate family who ruled after the collapse of the Fujiwara. |
| Shogun | Supreme military leader, held most of the semi-centralized political authority. |
| Bakufu | Military government run by a Shogun, emperor has no real political value. |
| Samurai | Japanese warriors who protected the daimyo, and owed loyalty to the shogun. |
| Todaji Temple | Buddhist temple built near Nara, largest wooden building in history. |
| Bushido Code | Code of conduct followed by Japanese samurai, involved piety, respect, and ritual suicide. |
| Seppuku | Ritual suicide preformed by a samurai warrior who broke the Code of Bushido to atone for his sins and restore his family's honor. |
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