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history-WW1
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| annex | to attach, append, or add, especially to something larger or more important |
| mobilize | prepare and organize (troops) for active service |
| propaganda | information, especially of a biased or misleading nature, used to promote or publicize a particular political cause or point of view |
| trench warfare | a type of combat in which opposing troops fight from trenches facing each other |
| war of attrition | a prolonged war or period of conflict during which each side seeks to gradually wear out the other by a series of small-scale actions |
| zeppelin | a large German dirigible airship of the early 20th century, long and cylindrical in shape and with a rigid framework |
| u-boat | a German submarine |
| Lusitania | a British luxury liner sunk by a German submarine in the North Atlantic |
| total war | a war that is unrestricted in terms of the weapons used, the territory or combatants involved, or the objectives pursued, especially one in which the laws of war are disregarded |
| self-determination | the process by which a country determines its own statehood and forms its own allegiances and government |
| reparations | the compensation for war damage paid by a defeated state |
| mandate | an official order or commission to do something |
| why did Otto von Bismarck make a defensive alliance with Austria-Hungary? | he feared that France intended to create an anti-German alliance |
| why did Emperor William II drop the treaty with Russia? | he wanted to enhance German power |
| what were the results of dropping the treaty? | France formed an alliance with Russia, which resulted in Germany having a hostile power on eastern and western borders |
| what Balkan territory operated under Russia? | Bulgaria |
| what Balkan territories were protected under Austria-Hungary? | Bosnia and Herzegovina |
| describe the Bosnian Crisis | -A-H annexed Bosnia and Herzegovina -this led to a controversy with international complications that threatened to end in a general European war |
| how did Russia and Austria-Hungary come to war with eachother? | Russia supported the Serbs and opposed the annexation |
| what was the situation like between Serbia and Austria-Hungary? | -Serbs blamed their inability to create a large Serbian Kingdom on A-H -A-H was convinced that Serbia and Serbian nationalism were mortal threats to its empire and must be crushed |
| what does the M stand for in MANIA | militarism |
| what does the A stand for in MANIA | alliances |
| what does the N stand for in MANIA | nationalism |
| what does the I stand for in MANIA | imperialism |
| what does the A stand for in MANIA | assassination |
| militarism | the aggressive preparation for war -growth of large armies -plans for mobilization of soldiers |
| conscription | military draft |
| where was conscription NOT established? | United States and Great Britain |
| alliances | loose agreements among nations |
| Treaty of London (Act 7) | Britain agrees to protect neutrality of Belgium |
| why did Germany and Austria-Hungary form an alliance in 1879? | to protect eachother if Russia attacks |
| why did France and Russia form an alliance in 1892? | military assistance both ways in event of an attack |
| nationalism | cultural identity of people through common language, religion, and symbols -rivalries over colonies grew -nationalism had another result=ethnic groups formed nations |
| imperialism | extension of a nation's power over other lands |
| who was Archduke Franz Ferdinand assassinated by? | Gaurilo Princip |
| who did Austria-Hungary ally with? | Germany, *Italy |
| why did Austria-Hungary enter the war? | they wanted to punish Serbia for encouraging terrorism and the assassination of the Archduke and his wife; Serbia rejected Austria-Hungary ultimatum |
| who did Germany ally with? | Austria-Hungary, *Italy |
| why did Germany enter the war? | they stood by their one-dependable ally, Austria-Hungary |
| who did Serbia ally with? | Russia |
| why did Serbia enter the war? | they were attacked by Austria-Hungary after the assassination of the Archduke and they were outraged at them for annexing Bosnia and Herzegovia |
| who did Russia ally with? | Serbia, France, Britain |
| why did Russia enter the war? | they wanted to defend the Slavic people in Serbia |
| who did France ally with? | Russia, Britain |
| why did France enter the war? | they wanted to avoid facing Germany alone at a later date -Germany declared war on them because Germany could not mobilize troops solely against Russia |
| who did Belgium ally with? | no one, they were neutral |
| why did Belgium enter the war? | they were invaded by Germany-Schlieffen Plan |
| who did Britain ally with? | France, Russia |
| why did Britain enter the war? | they were outraged by the invasion of Belgium |
| what was the "spark" that started the war? | the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand |
| what was the result of this/ | Austria-Hungary declared on Serbia |
| what countries made up the Central Powers? | -Germany -Austria-Hungary -Ottoman Empire -Bulgaria |
| what countries made up the Allied Powers? | -Russia -France -Britain -Serbia -Japan -Italy -US |
| why was the war called the Great War? | -touched all things human -killed more people than any previous war -impacted people away from the front -fought on land, underground, air, on/under water |
| what new were some new weapons in the war? | -trench warfare -poison gas -submarines -airships -armored tanks |
| what were the countries on the Western Front? | Germany and France |
| what was the Schlieffen Plan? | Germany army goes through Belgium to get to France -stopped short of Paris |
| First Battle of Marne | to stop Germans, French military loaded 2,000 Parisian taxicabs with fresh troops and sent them to the front line -Germany realizes war will not be short |
| what were the countries on the Eastern Front? | Russia, Austria-Hungary, Germany |
| what was the Eastern Front based on? | mobility |
| why did Italy betray the Triple Alliance? | France and Britain promised them land |
| what also happened on the Eastern Front? | -Russians were defeated by the Germans -Serbia was kicked out of the war |
| describe the situation at sea | both Germany and Britain set up submarine blockades on eachother |
| the United States wanted to remain neutral but... | increased loans exports to Allies and decreased exports to Germany and its allies |
| what were the 2 causes of the United States entering the war? | -The sinking of the Lusitania -the Zimmerman note |
| sinking of Lusitania | -Germany sunk British ship with Americans on board -America was outraged |
| Zimmerman Note | -intercepted and decoded by the British -Germany assumed that by resuming unrestricted submarine warfare, the United States would get involved with the war |
| what happened in 1918? | Russia withdraws |
| why did Russia withdraw from the war? | -suffered many losses -had two revolutions within country that caused a lot of turmoil |
| Treaty of Brest-Litovsk | -Russia lost land, paid money, and lost Ukraine -terminated November 1918 |
| why was the armistice signed? | the United States brought peace to the war, in favor of the Allied Powers |
| when was the armistice signed? | November 11, 1918 |
| propaganda | ideas spread to influence public opinion for or against a cause |
| why was propaganda used? what purpose did it have? | -to gain support/hate -raise money -encourage people to use resources |
| "the Hun" | Germany |
| why was Germany called "the Hun" | because of their invasion on Belgium |
| what was Britain's reason for why Germans killed? | it was in their DNA |
| how were the Germans portrayed in Anti-Allies propaganda? | the victim |
| describe the differences between fundraising posters in the U.S. and Germany | U.S.-scary tone, commanding, rations, help soldiers Germany-RELIGION, medieval |
| where was the Treaty of Versailles signed? | Versailles, Hall of Mirrors |
| when was the Treaty of Versailles signed? | June 1919 |
| armistice | a truce/agreement to end fighting |
| when was the armistice signed? | November 11, 1918 |
| who came up with the peace plan? | Woodrow Wilson |
| what was the peace plan? | reconstruct a new Europe following the Great War; justify the struggle being waged |
| what was the Fourteenth Point? | A world association of nations to keep the peace; based on democracy and international cooperation...LEAGUE OF NATIONS |
| The Big Four | 1. Italy 2. Great Britain 3. France 4. U.S. |
| who was the Italy rep? | Vittorio Orlando |
| who was the U.S. rep? | Woodrow Wilson |
| who was the France rep? | Georges Clemenceau |
| who was the Britain rep? | David Lloyd George |
| what does the B stand for in BRAT? | Blame (for war) |
| what does the R stand for in BRAT? | Reparations |
| what does the A stand for in BRAT? | Arms (reduced) |
| what does the T stand for in BRAT? | Territory (lost) |
| what were the new nations? | -Finland -Lotvia -Estonia -Lithuania -Poland -Czechoslovakia -Austria -Hungary -Yugoslavia |
| what were the lost nations? | -Serbia -Montenegro |
| reparations | payments to cover war cost |
| what effect did the reparations have on Germany? | sank into deep depression-->look for new leader |
| war-guilt | Article 231 of the Treaty of Versailles, the beginning of the reparations section that stated Germany was to assume all responsibility for the damage caused during World War I |
| what was the effect of the war-guilt? | Germany was responsible for all war damage |
| League of Nations | an organization so the countries of the world come together; prevent wars |
| how many countries made up the League of Nations? | 63 countries |
| what were the problems of the League of Nations? | -had no army of its own -country could not be forced to obey the league -was weak because the US refused to become a member -creation of the mandate system (middle east) |
| stalemate | a position counting as a draw, in which a player is not in check but cannot move except into check |
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amandathornton
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