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Science #4
Grades 5 to 8
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What percentage of Earth's surface is covered by tropical rain forests? | 2 |
| What percentage of Earth's animals live in the tropic rain forest? | more than 50% |
| Where is the largest tropical rain forest? | Surrounding the Amazon River in South America |
| What fraction of the world's rain forests have been chopped down in the last 30 years? | more than 1/2 |
| If the tropical rain forests are destroyed, the _______ __ ________ of the whole world might change. | balance of nature |
| Animals that are active during the day and sleep at night are ___________. | diurnal |
| Animals that are active at night and sleep during the day are ___________. | noturnal |
| Most animals are diurnal because | it's easier to see in the daylight. |
| The study of how plants and animals live together and interact with each other in their natural surroundings | ecology |
| Natural home where a plant or animal finds the food, water, and space it needs to survive | habitat |
| Group of different plants and animals that live in a habitat | community |
| Individuals of a species at a given time and place | population |
| How the plants and animals within a habitat interact with each other and with the nonliving parts of their environment | ecosystem |
| Path of the Water Cycle | evaporation, condensation, precipitation |
| Where do plants and animals get nitrogen? | Bacteria breaks down the nitrogen into forms that plants can use. When animals eat the plants, they obtain nitrogen. Dead plants and animals also release nitrogen into the soil. |
| Gradual change of plants and animals to their surroundings | adaptation |
| ___________ protects animals from being seen by their enemies and allows them to sneak up on their prey. | Camouflage |
| Movement of animals over the same route in the same season each year | migration |
| When an animal's body processes slow down and they survive on stored food until their food source is available again | hibernation |
| Endangered animals | Bald eagle, grizzly bear, California condor, whooping crane, Indiana bat, American peregrine falcon, cheetah, and bobcat (Mexican) |
| One edition of a major daily newspaper such as The New York Times or the Chicago Tribune | uses wood from as many as 5,000 trees |
| 41% of the trash in the USA | paper |
| Thin layer of earth's atmosphere that is wearing out because of chlorofluorocarbons | ozone |
| Alternative to burning fossil fueis | nuclear power plants |
| Problem with nuclear power plants | radioactive wastes and thermal pollution |
| Increase in amount of greenhouse gases may cause | global warming |
| Earth's age according to scientists | 4.6 billion years |
| outermost layer of the Earth ranging from 3 to 22 feet thick | crust |
| Found beneath the crust, this hot molten layer that is 1800 miles thick. | mantle |
| Outermost layer of molten rock of Earth's core | outer core |
| Innermost layer of solid rock of Earth's core | inner core |
| How thick is Earth's core? | 2100 miles |
| Determining age of a fossil based on the other plants and animals at that time period | relative dating |
| Determining age of a fossil based on the radioactive decay | absolute dating |
| __________ __________ are continental masses that are constantly on the move. | tectonic plates |
| __________ __________ is caused by the movement of tectonic plates. | continental drift |
| Rocks formed by heat | igneous |
| Rocks formed by heat and pressure | metamorphic |
| Rocks formed by layers of sand, silt, clay, and other rocks | sedimentary |
| Common sedimentary rocks | sandstone, limestone, shale |
| Common metamorphic rocks | slate, marble, quartzite |
| Common igneousrocks | granite, obsidian, basalt |
| Rocks never go away; they just become another rock by melting, heating, cooling, weathering, or pressure | Rock Cycle |
| For what is the rock marble used? | building |
| For what is the rock slate used? | roofing and furniture |
| For what is the rock clay used? | pottery |
| For what is the rock coal used? | heat |
| For what is the rock limestone used? | buildings |
| Natural, nonliving substances made up of particles that are arranged in regular crystalline patterns | minerals |
| Common minerals | salts, talc, metal ores, gemstones |
| Characteristics given to rocks by minerals | color, hardness, texture, density, and luster |
| Luster of rocks | glassy, metallic, pearly |
| Rocks' Scale of Hardness | Moh's Scale |
| Softest mineral | talc |
| Hardest mineral | diamond |
| Living or once living | organic |
| Organic part of soil | humus |
| Four types of soil | clay, loam, sand, silt |
| Which continent is the largest? | Eurasia |
| Which continent is the smallest? | Australia |
| Super sized continent of 200 million years ago | Pangaea |
| How are landforms created? | erosion, weathering, volcanoes, earthquakes |
| Rises 1,000 feet above Earth's surface | mountains |
| Gigantic sheets of ice | glaciers |
| Piles of rock and soil left by glaciers | glacial till |
| North America's tallest mountain | Mount McKinley in Alaska (20,320 feet) |
| Africa's tallest mountain | Mount Kilimanjaro in Tanzania (19,340 feet) |
| Asia's tallest mountain and the world's tallest mountain | Mount Everest in Nepal-Tibet (29,035 feet) |
| Water makes a _-shaped valley | V |
| Glaciers make a _-shaped valley | U |
| Plains surrounding rivers and streams | floodplains |
| High, flat land | plateaus |
| Another name for plateaus | tablelands |
| Valley with very steep sides | canyons |
| Small canyons | gorges or ravines |
| Small ravine | gulley |
| Grassy plains without trees | savannas or prairies |
| Earthquakes occur when __________ _________ collide | tectonic plates |
| Boundaries between tectonic plates | fault lines |
| 80% of earthquakes and most of the world's volcanoes occur in the | Ring of Fire |
| How many earthquakes occur each hour? | about 900 |
| Scientists who study earthquakes | seismologists |
| Scale used to determine the intensity of an earthquake | Richter Scale (1 to 10) |
| Pendulum-type instrument used to measure the intensity of an earthquake | seismograph |
| The worst earthquakes that caused total damage and over 200,000 in lives all occurred in ________, | China |
| Which American city has been struck by an 8.3 earthquake in 1906 and a 6.9 earthquake in 1989? | San Francisco, California |
| Volcanic molten rock | magma |
| Volcanic molten rock that reaches Earth's surface | lava |
| Volcanoes that are constantly erupting | active |
| Volcanoes that erupt at regular intervals | intermittent |
| Volcanoes that are inactive, but may become active again | dormant |
| Volcanoes that are completely inactive for hundreds of years | extinct |
| Most common volcano; steep conical shape made by alternating layers of lava, cinder, & rock fragments; explosive eruption | strato volcanoes |
| Volcano formed from basalt lava flows; very liquid lava flows from a central vent; years of lava flows make a broad, gently sloping mountains; some of the larges volcanoes in the world | shield volcanoes |
| Simplest type of volcano; circular cone formed from small fragments of lava ejected from a single vent; trapped gas blows lava violently into the air, then breaks down into cinders | cinder cones |
| Giant walls of water that rise from ocean floor in response to tectonic shock; 6 to 60 feet high on shore; travel up to 500-600 mph; most frequent in Pacific Ocean | tsunami |
| Usually high sea waves that can be caused by tsunamis, or by strong winds and storms | tidal wave |
| Volcano in A.D. 79 that killed 3,360 Italians | Mt. Vesuvius |
| Volcano in 1980 that killed 60 Americans because they did not heed the warnings of seismologists | Mt. St. Helens |
| ___ or above on the Richter Scale is a volcano that causes damage | 5 |
Created by:
marybahner
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