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CNS infections
| Illness | Symptoms | Labs | Agents: Viral | Agents: Bacterial | Agents: Parasitic |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Allergic encephalitis | Rare complication of influenza, measles, mumps, immunization against these viruses | ||||
| Reye's syndrome | Kids: encephalopathy + liver degeneration; vomiting, lethargy, confusion, seizures, coma, death | Aspirin given to reduce fever implicated | |||
| Guillain-Barre Syndrome | Acute rapidly progressing paralysis in limb, resp muscles, face, recovery w/in weeks usually | Autoimmune response (cross-reactive myelin antibodies) to influenze, EBV, CMV, vaccines | |||
| Subacute Sclerosing Panencephalitis (SSPE) | Inflammatory lesions in brain --> fatal | Measles complication several years post-infxn | |||
| Progressive Multifocal Leukoencephalopathy (PML) | Blindness, dementia, coma, death w/in 6 mo; primarily in immunocompromised PTs | Reactivation of JC (papova)virus --> infects oligodendrocytes + astrocytes | |||
| African Sleeping Sickness | Chancre at site of bite, waves of fever, lymphadenopathy (Winterbottom's sign), cerebral edema, encephalopathy, mental deterioration, drowsiness, seizures, tremor, cachexia, coma, death | Thin smears blood/lymph aspirate w/Giemsa to ID | Trypanosomas gambiense + rhodesiense | ||
| Primary Amoebic Meningoencephalitis | Severe meningitis: brain necrosis + hemorrhage via olfactory nerve, coma, death ~6 days (N.) or more slowly developing (A.) | CSF aspirate, wet mount: ID amoebae | Naegleria fowleri, Acanthamoeba castellani | ||
| Cysticercosis | Pronounced cellular reaction to cysticerci in brain: epileptic seizures, death, vision problems | Eggs + proglottids in stool, X-ray/CT for CNS involvement, eye mass | Taenia solium | ||
| Meningitis | Headache, fever, neck stiffness, vomiting, photophobia, altered mental status | CSF: Normal protein + glucose; WBC normal-elevated | Mumps virus, Enteroviruses (poliovirus, coxsackievirus, echovirus), Herpesviruses (esp HSV-2, HCMV) | N. meningitidis (esp w. altered mental status), H. influenzae, S. pneumonia, Listeria >50, (E. coli, TB, S. aureus, Strep agalactiae, P. aeruginosa) | |
| Encephalitis | Headache, fever, neck stiffness, vomiting, photophobia; may progress to lethargy, confusion, paralysis, seizure, coma, death | Rabies virus, Arboviruses (arthropod-borne), Measles virus, HSV-1, HSV-2, EBV, HIV | |||
| Toxoplasmosis | Usually asymptomatic, fever, lymphadenopathy; Serious ds in newborns: still birth, mental retardation, calcification of brain tissue, hydrocephalus, death. Immunocompromised: fulminant encephalitis, retinochoroiditis, death | Serology: rise in AB titer over time | Toxoplasma gondii |
Created by:
eemolee27
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