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Ch. 9

Islam

TermDefinition
bedouins small groups of nomadic people in Arabia
Muhammad Prophet of Islam whom Muslims recognize as Allah's messenger to all humankind. His teachings form the basis of Islam.
hegira Muhammad's journey from Mecca to Medina
Islam a monotheistic religion whose prophet is Muhammad and whose holy book is the Qur'an; the term means "achieving peace through surrender to God"
Muslims followers of Islam
Qur'an the sacred text of Islam
Five Pillars of Islam behaviors and obligations that are common to all Muslims, which include the profession of faith, the performance of 5 daily prayers, the giving of alms, the requirement to fast, and the journey to Mecca, or Hajj.
mosque a building for Muslim prayer
jihad "struggle for faith"; can be thought of as an individual or communal struggle; as the latter, the term embraces notions of defending the Muslim community and holy war
Abu Bakr First Muslim caliph; as a close companion and successor to Muhammad, he unified the restive Bedouin tribes of central Arabia into a strong fighting force that he led into Iraq and Syria.
caliph "successor to the Prophet"; title given to the political and religious leader of Muslims
Umayyad first ruling dynasty over the Muslims Caliphate
Sunnis "people who follow the Sunna (way of the Prophet)"; the largest branch of Islam; believers accepted the first four caliphs as rightful successors to Muhammad.
Shia a branch of Islam whose adherents believe that the caliphate must go to a descendant of Muhammad- particularly a member of the family of Ali.
Sufis a branch of Islam emphasizing a personal, mystical connection with God
Abbasid dynasty that overthrew the Umayyad dynasty to rule the Muslim caliphate from 750 to 1258; for 150 years the Abbasids maintained the unity of the caliphate and Islamic culture and civilization flourished.
Harun al-Rashid Fifth Abbasid caliph (ruled to 786 to 809); under his rule, the Abbasid dynasty reached its height and Islamic culture experienced a flowering
caliphate area ruled by a caliph
Created by: matthewwells
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