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Biochemistry
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| RNA contains ___ sugar | Ribose |
| ___ stores genetic information essential for the product of proteins | DNA |
| Maltose is made by a condensation reaction of ___ and ___ | Glucose, glucose |
| Lactose is made of ___ and ___. | Glucose, galactose |
| ___ do not dissolve in water. | Lipids |
| ___ and ___ are made of nucleotides. | DNA, RNA |
| ___ speed up a chemical reaction without being used up. | Enzymes |
| Examples of ___ include DNA and RNA. | Nucleic Acids |
| ___ have examples the include-Fatty Acids, Steroids, Waxes, Triglycerides, and Phospholipids. | Lipids |
| ___ combine together to make ___ using peptide bonds. | Amino Acids, proteins |
| ___ are made of carboxylic Acids and an amine. | Amino Acids |
| ___ and ___ make the disaccharide, Sucrose | Glucose, fructose |
| Examples of ___ include enzymes. | Proteins |
| ___ are called "fats" when solid and "oil" when liquid at room temperature. | Triacylglycerols |
| ___ is stored in the form of glycogen (animal) and starch (plants). | Glucose |
| Glucose, starch, and glycogen are examples of ___. | Carbohydrates |
| The building blocks of nucleotides are a five-carbon, a phosphoric unit, and a ___. | Cyclic Amine |
| Starches are an example of a | Carbohydrate |
| Examples of ___ include polysaccharides, monosaccharides, and disaccharides. | Carbohydrate |
| A ___ is composed of three cyclohexane rings and one cyclopentane ring. | Steroid |
| The billions of complex ___ that collectively compose a living cell are classifies into 4 ___ groups | Biomolecules, macromolecule |
| The 4 macromolecule group ___, ___, ___, and ___. | Carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, and nucleic Acids |
| Carbohydrates are... | *Produced by plants during photosynthesis *a major source of energy *composed of the elements C, H, and O, |
| Carbohydrates are also called ___, which means "___", | Saccharides, sugar |
| The three types of carbohydrates are ___, ___, and ___. | * monosaccharides * disaccharides * polysaccharides |
| ___ are the simplest form of carbohydrates. | Monosaccharides |
| ___ consist of 2 monosaccharides. | Disaccharides |
| ___ contain many monosaccharides. | Polysaccharides |
| 4 examples of monosaccharides are ___, ___, ___, and ___. | * glucose * fructose * galactose * cyclic structures |
| ___ is the sweetest carbohydrate. | Fructose |
| ___ is found in fruit juices and honey | Fructose |
| Your body converts fructose to ___. | Glucose |
| ___ is known as blood sugar, grape sugar, and dextrose. | Glucose |
| ___ is the monosaccharide in polymers of starch, cellulose, and glycogen. | Glucose |
| ___ is not found in nature, but is obtained from the disaccharide lactose. | Galactose |
| ___ is the prevalent form of monosaccharides with 5 or 6 carbon atoms. | Cyclic structures |
| Molecules within glucose can react and change the shape of the molecule to form a ___ ring structure. | Pyranose |
| ___ , ___ , and ___ are nutritionally important monosaccharide hexoses. | Glucose, galactose, trutose |
| Examples of a disaccharide are ___, ___, and ___. | * milk * sugar * lactose |
| How many monosaccharides does a disaccharide consist of | 2 monosaccharides |
| Glucosyl+glucose = | Maltose |
| Glucose+ galactosyl | Lactose |
| Glucosyl + fructose= | Sucrose |
| Glucosyl+glycoside= | Trehalose |
| Isomaitose is known as a nutritionally important ___. | Disaccharide |
| ___ is found in milk and in milk products. (Galactosyl&glucose) | Lactose |
| ___ can be obtained from the hydrolysis of starch. (Glucosyl & glucose) | Maltose |
| ___ is obtained from sugar cane and sugar beets. (Glucosyl & fructose) | Sucrose |
| ___ is a polymer of glucose molecules and consists of continuous chains/branched chain polymers. | Starches |
| The polysaccharide, ___, stores glucose in muscles and while it is similar to plant starch, it is more highly branched. | Gylcogen |
| ___ is a polysaccharide of glucose units in unbraced chains. Humans cannot break the bonds so we cannot eat it. | Cellulose |
| Contains fatty acid or a steroid nucleons. It is soluble in organic solvents, but not in water | Lipids |
| ___ is a long chain of carboxylic Acids and is insoluble in water | Saturated/ unsaturated fatty acids |
| ___ fatty acids have all single C-C bonds. | Saturated |
| ___ fatty acids have one or more double C=C bonds. | Unsaturated |
| Fats and oils are also know as ___. | Triacylglycerol |
| ___ and ___ are the esters of glycerol and are formed when the hydroxyl groups of glycerol react w/ the carboxyl groups of fatty acids. | Fats, oils |
| ___ contains saturated fatty acids, is solid at room temp, and is prevalent in meats, whole milk, butter, and cheese. | Fats |
| ___ contains unsaturated fatty acids, is liquid at room temp, and is prevalent in plants like olive and safflower. | Oils |
| ___ is composed of glycerol, 2 fatty acids, phosphate, and an aminol alcohol * It is the most abundant lipids in cell membranes | Glycerophospholipids |
| Located in the ___ bilayer, contains a hydrophilic head and hydrophilic tail. | Phospholipid |
| ___ is made of 3 cyclohexane rings and 1 cyclopentane ring. Many ___ have hormonal effects | Steroids |
| ___ contain a carboxylic acid group and amino group on the alpha (a) carbon. Each contain a different side group (R). | Amino acids |
| Examples of ___ are starches in plants, glycogen, and cellulose | Polysaccharides |
| This type of ___ forms between the carboxyl group of one amino Acids and the amino group of the next amino acid. | Peptide bond |
| ___ known as the disruption of bonds in the secondary (2nd), tertiary (3rd), and quaternary(4th) protein structures. | Denaturation |
| ___, ___, and ___ are the only nutrients that contribute calories to food. | Fats, carbohydrates, proteins |
| ___ carry genetic info and are made of nucleotides (phosphoric acid unit, 5 C sugar, and cyclic amine (base) | Nucleic acids |
| Nucleic acids together by attaching the phosphate group of one to the sugar of another by a ___. | Phosphate ester bond |
| ___ and ___ are nucleic acids | DNA, RNA |
| The structure of ___ consists of deoxyribonucleic acid (phosphoric acid unit), deoxyribose (5 carbon sugar), and one of 4 amine bases. | DNA |
| The 4 amine bases for DNA are ___, ___, ___, and ___. | Adenine, guanine, cytosine, thymine |
| 2 DNA strands wound together form a ___. | Double helix |
| 1 gram of fat = ___ calories | 9 |
| 1 gram of carbohydrate= ___ calories | 4 |
| 1 gram of protein= ___ calories | 4 |
| How to find the total calories of grams | (Grams of fat)(calories/gram) |
| How to find the total calories of carbs | (Grams of carbs)(calories/gram) |
| How to find the total calories of protein | (Grams of protein)(calories/gram) |
Created by:
KaylaMares
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