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Chapter 19
The Gilded Age
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Gilded Ages | "Coated with a thin layer of gold" A term to describe the corruption going on in polotics |
| Referendum | A way for people to vote directly on a proposed new law |
| Muckracker | Term for a crusading jounalist |
| Grover Cleveland | Set up ways to deal with the regulations of the RR by setting up the ICC |
| Civil Service | System that includes most government jobs except elected positions, the judiciary, and the military |
| Recall | Process by which people may vote to remove an elected official from office |
| Benjamin Harrison | Became president and set up the Sherman Antitrust Act. Prohibited trusts and other businesses from limiting competition |
| Initiative | Process that allows voter to put a bill before a state legislature |
| Interstate Commerce Commission (ICC) | Was the government agency set up to observe the Railroad (RR) industry |
| Patronage | Giving government jobs for political support |
| Federal Reserve Act | Set up a nation wide system of federal banks. Gave the federal government the power to raise and lower interest rates |
| Federal Trade Commission | FTC had the power to investigate companies and order them to stop using business practice |
| Robert LaFollette | Implemented his Wisconsin idea lowered RR rates which helped RR owners and consumers |
| Chester Arthur | Became president upon Garfield's death. Used the spoil system to move up the political system |
| Progressive | What reformers called themselves |
| John Dewey | A progressive educator who wanted schools to promote reform |
| Graduated Income Tax | Method of taxation that taxes people at different rate depending on income |
| Boss Tweed | Political boss form NYC (New York City) that cheated NY out of $100 million |
| Public Interest | The good of the people |
| Ida Tarbell | A writer- Muckraker who targeted the unfair practices of big business |
| Upton Sinclair | Author of The Jungle, who revealed the bad detail about meatpacking industries |
| James Garfield | President in 1881 and his goal was to allow people to receive government jobs on the basis of merit, not political rewards |
| Primary | Election in which voters, rather than party leaders, choose their party's candidate |
| William Howard Taft | secretary of war, became president and was quiet and cautious. supported Progressive caused. -Broke up trust |
| Woodrow Wilson | Was picked to run for the 1912 election by democrats. The split helped Wilson win the election |
| Bull Moose Party | A new progressive party to challenge republicans and democrats. Theodore Roosevelt becomes the nominee to run against his former VP William Taft |
| Pure Food and Drug Act | Passed in 1906 by Congress that required food and drug makers to list ingredients on package. Tried to end false advertising |
| Square Deal | Roosevelt in the 1904 election promised farmers and consumer workers and owners - should have an equal opportunity to succeed |
| Theodore Roosevelt | Was a reform minded candidate that was the Vice President. William McKinley became president when McKinley was assassinated |
| National Park | Natural area protected and managed by the federal government |
| Trustbusters | Person working to destroy monopolies and trust |
| Conservation | Protection of natural resources |
| Florence Kelly | Investigated conditions in sweatshops |
| Prohibition | Ban on the sale and consumption of alcohol |
| Suffragist | People who worked for women's right to vote` |
| 19th Amendment | Guaranteed women the right to vote |
| National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP) | Worked to gain rights for African Americans |
| Carry Nations | Was a radical temperance leader Husband died from drinking |
| Alice Paul | Suffragist pushed for constitutional amendment Arrested for protesting |
| 18th Amendment | Made it illegal to sell alcoholic drinks in the US |
| Temperance Movement | The reform movement against the use of alcoholic beverages |
| Lynching | Murder by a mob |
| Parochial School | School sponsored by a church |
| Frances Willard | Became the leader of the Women's Christian Temperance Union Worked to educate people on evils of alcohol |
| Carrie Chapman Catt | School principle and reporter before she became the head of the National American Women Suffrage Association |
| Barrio | A Mexican ethnic neighborhood where they preserved language and culture |
| Ida B. Wells | An African American journalist that published statistics about lynching |
| Society of American Indians | Worked for social justice and tried to educate other Americans about Indian life |
| Mutalists | Aid group that pooled money to buy insurance and pay legal service |
| Gentlemen's Agreement (1907) | Japan agrees to curb the number of workers coming to US and in return the US allows the wives of Japanese men to join them |
| Booker T. Washington | Stressed living in harmony with whites, founded the Tuskegee institute which taught trades for African Americans |
| W.E.B. DuBois | Disagreed with Washington's approach. 1st African American to earn a Ph.D from Harvard University |
| George Washington Carver | Discovered hundreds of new uses for peanuts and other crops |
| Anti-Semitism | Prejudice against jews |
| New Freedom | Wilson's program to break up trust into smaller companies to spur competition |
Created by:
mbarkley
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