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Unit 4 AP Geography
ratty made a helpful guide
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What is the term for a group of people who identify with their cultural and biological history? A) Race. B) Ethnicity. C) Nationality. D) Nation. E) All of the above | B. |
| Ethnocentrism is A) the fear of outsiders. C) the belief that ones own religion is superior to others. D) the belief that ones own ethnic group is superior to others. E) the belief that ones own culture is superior to all others. | D. |
| Which statement about race and ethnicity is true? A) A race often has a single homeland, an ethnicity is usually scattered B) Some ethnicities are comprised of people from several different races. C) Race and ethnicity are interchangeable concepts. | B. |
| . Which example is not an ethnic region of North America? A) Hawaii. B) French Quebec. C) Midwest. D) South Florida. E) Borderland region | C. |
| Which of the following is not an ethnic concentration in North America? A) Italians in southern New England. B) Hispanics in the Southwest. C) Acadians in Louisiana. D) Scandinavians in the upper Midwest. E) Greeks in the Mississippi Valley | E. |
| When waves of cultural groups move into an area and modify the human imprint of the cultural landscape, this is known as A) sequent occupance. B) subsequent occupance. C) cultural succession. D) landscape progression. E) cultural progression. | A. |
| A region not fully integrated into a national state that is often marginal or undeveloped is a called a A) stateless nation. B) frontier. C) core. D) heartland. E) functional | B. |
| Which of the following locations would still be considered a frontier region? A) Northwestern Pakistan. B) Western United States. C) Eastern China. D) Northern Egypt. E) Eastern Australia | A. |
| Which cultural hearth is credited with the creation of city-states, which eventually lead to the creation of the concept of nation-state? A) Mesopotamia. B) Northern India. C) Greece. D) Roman Empire. E) Mayan. | A. |
| An example of a modern day city-state is A) New York. B) Panama Canal. C) Paris. D) Singapore. E) Germany. | D. |
| What is a politically organized territory that is administered by a sovereign government and recognized by a large percentage of the international community? A) Nation. B) State. C) Frontier. D) Territoriality. E) Colony. | B. |
| Which of the following is considered a State? A) France. B) Colorado. C) British Columbia. D) Sahel. E) Hong Kong. | A. |
| The exercise of state power over people and territory, and being recognized by other international states, refers to A) nationalism. B) sovereignty. C) citizenship. D) centrifugalism. E) imperialism. | B. |
| Which of the following is considered a sovereign state? A) India. B) Alaska. C) Hong Kong. D) Antarctica. E) Spratly Islands. | A. |
| In contrast to a state, a nation A) territory est. by military force. B) a cultural concept implying a group of people occupying a particlar territory n unified by shared beliefs. C) part of earth cont. a permt. population. | B. |
| Which of the following terms refers to an individual or group attempt to identify and establish control over land? This concept often leads to defense of the land. A) territoriality. B) secularism. C) materialism E) consequent boundary. | A. |
| . Which of the following is an example of a nation seeking its own territory? A) Mexicans. B) Palestinians. C) British. D) English. E) Russians. | B. |
| . Which of the following states fits the morphology description of compact? A) Chile. B) South Africa. C) Thailand. D) Poland. E) Russia. | D. |
| Which of the following is a characteristic of compact states? A) Circular w/ the capital located in the center of the state. C) One state is completely within the boundaries of another state. E) Size of the state is very small compared to others | A. |
| This type of shape can provide for efficiency in administration of a country. A) Compact. B) Prorupt. C) Elongated. D) Perforated. E) Fragmented. | A. |
| . Which of the following states fit the morphology description of a fragmented state? A) Chile. B) Japan. C) Mexico. D) South Africa. E) Poland. | B. |
| Fragmented states can help create which type of forces within a state? A) Centripetal. B) Centrifugal. C) Cumulative causation. D) Backwash effects. E) Irredentism. | B. |
| This shape can weaken centralized control of state territory and increase regionalism particularly in the areas separate from the main state. A) Compact. B) Prorupt. C) Elongated. D) Perforated. E) Fragmented. | E. |
| Which types of countries usually encompass diverse types of climates, resources and peoples? A) Compact. B) Prorupt. C) Elongated. D) Perforated. E) Fragmented. | C. |
| Which of the following states best fits the morphology description of a fragmented state? A) France. B) Chile. C) Indonesia. D) Australia. E) China | C. |
| Which of the following states best fits the morphology description of a prorupted state? A) Namibia. B) South Africa. C) China. D) Poland. E) United Kingdom. | A. |
| . A country with this shape can provide access to a resource, or it can separate two countries that would otherwise share a boundary. A) Compact. B) Prorupted. C) Elongated. D) Perforated. E) Fragmented. | B. |
| A country’s morphology which can weaken its stability if an enclave is occupied by people whose values systems differ from the surrounding state is called A) Compact. B) Prorupt. C) Elongated. D) Perforated. E) Fragmented. | D. |
| Which of the following states best fits the morphology description of a perforated state? A) Namibia. B) South Africa. C) China. D) Poland. E) United Kingdom. | B. |
| Which of the following is an example of an exclave in the United States? A) Florida. B) Alaska. C) California. D) Washington, DC. E) Colorado. | B. |
| Which of the following states have an exclave? A) Russia. B) Brazil. C) Italy. D) South Africa. E) Australia. | A. |
| Exclaves are created for wat? A 2 create political boundaries that attempt 2 unite ethnic groups in nearby regions under the control of 1 government 2 decrease conflict. C 2 increase trade D 2 decrease pop n econo pressure by /ing a country to smaller | A. |
| Which of the following states have an enclave? A) France. B) Brazil. C) Italy. D) Egypt. E) Australia. | C. |
| Which of the following states is an enclave? A) Vatican City. B) South Africa. C) Italy. D) Singapore. E) Japan. | A. |
| Which is true 4 landlocked States? A wealthiest state in their region B They at a commercial and strategic disadvantage C Interior locat r hard 2 defend D Relations w/ near ares arent as importn as maritime E more landlocked states than maritime | B. |
| ________ became a landlocked state due to the results of the War of the Pacific? A) Bolivia. B) Brazil. C) India. D) Madagascar. E) Spain. | A. |
| Which of the following is a landlocked State? A) Australia. B) Mongolia. C) Italy. D) Israel. E) Peru. | B. |
| What is the term for a state that is small in both population and size? A) Macro-state. B) Micro-state. C) Compact state. D) Irredentism. E) Federal state. | B. |
| . Which of the following best describes an impact of the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea for maritime micro states? A) The Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ) provisions increased the resources and economic viability of these states. | A. |
| . A national group that aspires to become a nation-state but lacks the territory is a A) federal State. B) unitary State. C) stateless nation. D) Non Governmental Organization (NGO). E) supranationalistic. | C. |
| Which of the following nations is considered a stateless-nation? A) Kurdish. B) Jewish. C) French. D) Spanish. E) Polish. | A. |
| The policy of a state wanting to add territory from another State inhabited by people who have cultural links to their own State is A) the interaction model. B) the gravity model. C) irredentism. D) ethnocentrism. E) culture rebound. | C. |
| Which of the following areas have been subjected to the policy of irredentism in the late 20th century? A) Japan. B) New Zealand. C) Serbia. D) United States. E) Saudi Arabia. | C. |
| The political dominance of a country or region by another country is referred to as A) insurgent state. B) revivalist. C) hegemony. D) pandemic. E) organic theory. | C. |
| Which of the following states engaged in classical hegemony in the late 20th century? A) Canada. B) El Salvador. C) Madagascar. D) Soviet Union. E) Mongolia. | D. |
| . A boundary that uses physiological features like rivers or mountains is referred to as a(n) A) geometric boundary. B) subsequent boundary. C) natural boundary. D) permeable barrier. E) ecumene. | C. |
| All of the following are advantages of using mountains as boundaries except B) they create a visible, physical border between states. C) mountain regions are usually sparsely populated. E) they are the often the source area for natural resources. | E. |
| Which of the following states use mountains as a boundary? A) Brazil and Peru. B) Canada and the United States. C) Iraq and Kuwait. D) China and Russia. E) Poland and Germany. | A. |
| . All of the following are ADvantages of using water as boundaries except that B) resource allocation can become a source of conflict. C) water creates relatively consistent boundaries over time. E) oceans create a buffer between states. | B. |
| All of the following are DISADVANTAGES of using water as boundaries except for A) water navigation rights. B) water use rights. C) changing courses of rivers. D) buffer zones between States. E) resource and fishing rights. | D. |
| . All of the following are advantages of using deserts as boundaries except for the fact that B) they create a visible, physical border between states. C) deserts contain natural resources. E) deserts are relatively permanent. | C. |
| . Which of the following states use a desert as a boundary? A) Brazil and Peru. B) Canada and the United States. C) Iraq and Kuwait. D) China and India. E) Turkey and Syria. | C. |
| The boundaries on this island were drawn primarily to divide the Greeks from the Turks. A) Cyprus. B) Australia. C) Sri Lanka. D) Indonesia. E) Falklands. | A. |
| The boundaries of this country are being contested by the Palestinians. A) Serbia. B) Israel. C) Iraq. D) China. E) Sri Lanka. | B. |
| This country used linguistic boundaries as a primary reason to establish their territory. A) United States. B) Peru. C) Australia. D) France. E) United Kingdom. | D. |
| . Which region in the world has political boundaries that most poorly represent the linguistic boundaries of the region? A) North America. B) South America. C) Africa. D) East Asia. E) Europe. | C. |
| . One element of the conflict in Sri Lanka is differences of religion. What two religions are primarily represented in this conflict? A) Islam and Christian. B) Islam and Jewish. C) Buddhism and Hindu. E) Shiite and Sunni. | C. |
| One element of the conflict in Kashmir is differences of religion. What two religions are primarily represented in this conflict? A) Islam and Christian. B) Islam and Jewish. C) Buddhism and Hindu. D) Christian and tribal. E) Hindu and Islam. | E. |
| The boundaries between which set of countries were established primarily to separate different religions? A) India and Pakistan. B) Mexico and United States. C) France and Germany. D) Russia and Ukraine. E) Libya and Chad. | A. |
| . Which region of the United States do geometric boundaries predominate? A) Northeast. B) Southeast. C) West. D) Hawaii. E) Midwest. | C. |
| . Which type of boundary uses lines of latitude and longitude and not existing physical features? A) Antecedent boundary. B) Subsequent boundary. C) Natural boundary. D) Geometric boundary. E) Relic boundary. | D. |
| Which region has a high percentage of geometric boundaries to separate states? A) North Africa. B) Europe. C) Southeast Asia. D) South America. E) Central Asia. | A. |
| . Which of the following is not a purpose of boundaries? B) Project below ground to allocate subsurface resources. C) Mark political administrative divisions within a country. E) Create lanes of transportation between countries. | E. |
| This type of boundary line is established before an area is well populated. A) Subsequent boundaries. B) Antecedent boundaries. C) Geometric boundary. D) Natural boundary. E) Linguistic boundary. | B. |
| Which of the following countries’ internal boundaries are largely antecedent boundaries? A) Canada. B) Germany. C) Israel. D) Japan. E) India. | A. |
| . A boundary that is drawn after the development of a cultural landscape is a(n) A) religious boundary. B) antecedent boundary. C) geometric boundary. D) subsequent boundary. E) superimposed boundary. | D. |
| Which of the following is the best example of a subsequent boundary? A) Ireland / Northern Ireland. B) Mexico / United States. C) China / Tibet. D) Great Wall of China. E) Colorado / Kansas. | A. |
| A boundary forced upon existing cultural landscapes, a country, or a people by a conquering or colonizing power is called a(n) A) religious boundary. B) antecedent boundary. C) geometric D) subsequent boundary. E) superimposed boundary. | E. |
| Which of the following boundaries were not superimposed on a group? A) Native American reservations. B) United States/Canada. C) India/Pakistan. D) Africa. E) Papua New Guinea/Indonesia. | B. |
| What type of boundary does the Great Wall of China best illustrate? A) Geometric boundary. B) Natural boundary. C) Antededent boundary. D) Relic boundary. E) Exclave boundary. | D. |
| A former boundary line that is still visible and marked by some cultural landscape feature is a(n) A) geometric boundary. B) natural boundary. C) antededent boundary. D) relic boundary. E) subsequent boundary. | D. |
| . At which scale do boundary disputes occur? A) Local. B) Regional. C) National. D) International. E) All of the above. | E. |
| This type of boundary dispute focuses on the delimitation, demarcation or interpretation of an agreement between countries. A Positional/locational dispute. B Ethnic disp C Resource/allocation disp D Functional/operational disp E Religious disp | A. |
| 2 neighbors disagree about the color, material and size of a fence between their properties. Which term best shows this dispute? A Positional locational dis B Political dis C Resource allocation dis D Functional operational dis E Territorial dis | A. |
| select the type of border dispute that best describes the dispute. Canada and the US disagree on how to implement a plan for a border A Positional locational dispute B Ethnic disp C Resource disp D Functional operational disp E Religious disp | D. |
| A piece of undeveloped property is adjacent to a residential neighborhood. The city government wants to build a jail A) Positional/locational dispute. B) Territorial dispute. C) Resource dispute. D) Functional/operational dispute. E) Urban disp | D. |
| The dispute between China and Vietnam over Spratly Island is primarily a(n) A) positional / locational dispute. B) ethnic dispute. C) resource dispute. D) functional / operational dispute. E) religious dispute. | C. |
| there has been a dispute with the Svabard Islands in the Barents Sea Russia disputes Norways fish rights beyond Svabard territorial limits n within the Treaty zone A Funct oper dispute B Positional locat disp D Resource disp E Territorial disp | D. |
| . A weaker country that separates two powerful countries whose ideology and or political views conflict is a A) core state. B) periphery state. C) fragmented state. D) buffer state. E) viable state. | D. |
| A real world example of a buffer state would be? A) Mongolia. B) France. C) China. D) United States. E) Brazil. | A. |
| . Which of the following states is a buffer state between India and China? A) Mongolia. B) Nepal. C) Vietnam. D) Japan. E) Sri Lanka. | B. |
| The study of border landscapes is concerned with all except A political boundary w cultural landscape B effect on econo activity C how the border affects attitude of border inhab D effect of the bord state policy E UN Law of Border Development | E. |
| Which best describes the border landscape between US n Mexico in the early 21st century? A Strongly demarcated w fences n border guards C Sudden cultural change from Mex to Amer culture E few people cross the border landscape legally | A. |
| This type of boundary dispute focuses on the ownership and control of surface area. A) Positional/locational dispute. B) Ethnic dispute. C) Resource/allocation dispute. D) Functional/operational dispute. E) Territorial dispute. | E. |
| The Israel/Palestine conflict has elements of all of the following types of disputes except a(n) A) functional / operational dispute. B) religious dispute. C) ethnic dispute. D) geometric dispute. E) territorial dispute. | D. |
| The concept that ethnicities have the right to govern themselves is referred to as A) colonialism. B) Rimland Theory. C) self-determination. D) nationalsim. E) ethnic transition. | C. |
| Which of the following ethnic groups is seeking self determination? A) Chechen. B) English. C) Mexican. D) Dutch. E) Chinese. | A. |
| A state whose territory closely corresponds to an ethnicity that has become a nationality is a A) multi-national state. B) nation-state. C) prorupt state. D) unitary state. E) fragmented state. | B. |
| Which one of the following is the best example of a nation-state? A) China. B) Japan. C) South Africa. D) United Kingdom. E) Switzerland. | B. |
| Which of the following best exemplifies an immigrant state? A) India. B) China. C) Australia. D) Japan. E) Saudi Arabia. | C. |
| The policy by a country to establish settlements in an area and impose its political, economic and cultural principles there is called A) command economy. B) colonialism. C) devolution. D) growth pole. E) regionalism. | B. |
| Which of the following regions was not predominately colonized by the British? A) East Africa. B) South Asia. C) West Africa. D) South Africa. E) Australia. | C. |
| The est. of political boundaries in Africa by European imperial powers during the 19th century A) was the result of military conflict between the colonizing countries B) resulted in distinctive cultural groups being divided among different states | B. |
| A country imposes its political, economic and cultural principles over territory already occupied and organized by a society. This is called A) command economy. B) colonialism. C) devolution. D) imperialism. E) regionalism. | D. |
| The British imperialized portions of all of the following regions except? A) Nigeria. B) India. C) Vietnam. D) East Africa. E) China. | C. |
| . Every country in Africa was either colonized or under the imperial control of a European power except A) Ethiopia. B) South Africa. C) Kenya. D) Nigeria. E) Egypt. | A. |
| The concept that the United States was ordained by God to expand across North America was A) gateway state. B) complementarity. C) Manifest Destiny. D) Rimland Theory. E) historical inertia | C. |
| The concept of manifest destiny was used as support for imperialism by which country? A) United Kingdom. B) France. C) United States. D) China. E) Spain. | C. |
| . Which theory created in the early 20th century advocated that any political power based in the center of Eurasia could gain enough strength to dominate the world? A) Unilateral Theory. B) Mackinder’s Heartland Theory. C) World Systems Theory. | B. |
| Which of the following areas is considered a shatterbelt? A) Eastern Europe. B) Western Europe. C) China. D) Australia. E) North America. | A. |
| A region that historically is caught between stronger colliding external forces. The region is often fractured and splintered politically and ethnically. This an example of a(n) A) shatterbelt. B) periphery. C) primate D) insurgent E) core. | A. |
| Africa experienced a period of decolonization and creation of many new States during which time period? A) 1950s and 60s. B) Late 19th century. C) 1700s. D) 1850s. E) 1930s. | A. |
| . Which country had an apartheid system of legal segregation of races which was finally dismantled in the 1990s? A) United States. B) India. C) South Africa. D) China. E) Japan. | C. |
| This 20th century communist empire controlled many weaker satellite states in Eastern Europe. A) Germany. B) Turkey. C) Soviet Union. D) China. E) Vietnam. | C. |
| During the Cold War era which two countries balanced the power of one another? A) Pakistan/India. B) United Kingdom/France. C) Spain/Portugal. D) United States/Soviet Union. E) Japan/Germany. | D. |
| Which of the following states is considered a gateway to the Himalayas? A) Peru. B) Nepal. C) Russia. D) Kenya. E) Switzerland. | B. |
| This type of state has a centralized government and administration that exercises control equally over all parts of the state? A) Federal. B) Unitary. C) Compact. D) Regional. E) Democratic. | B. |
| Unitary states usually have all of the following characteristics except? A centralized government B Few inter cultural differs C Bords tht r culturl n political D Primate city located within the core E Many provinces w strong regional governments | E. |
| This type of political framework has a central government but each of the sub-national entities has representation and influence in the government process. A) Federal. B) Unitary. C) Compact. D) Communist. E) Democratic. | A. |
| Which of the following countries is not a federal state? A) United States. B) Canada. C) France. D) Australia. E) United Kingdom. | E. |
| A permanent union of sovereign states created in order to deal with common interests of defense, trade or policy is a A) confederation. B) democracy. C) dependency. D) trust territory. E) macro state. | A. |
| . Political geographers consider which of the following as the core area of the United States? A) The Los Angeles-San Francisco area. B) The New York-Washington D.C. area. C) The Chicago-Detroit area. | B. |
| Washington DC was chosen as US capital for all reasons except A) its centrality in the US B) inland site provided protection agst invasion C) largest and most powerful city during the colonial era E) compromise location between North and South | C. |
| . This type of capital city is deliberately sited in a state’s frontier zone? A) Core. B) Forward-thrust. C) Exclave. D) Divided. E) Networked | B. |
| . __________ is a forward-thrust capital. A) Washington DC. B) London. C) Beijing. D) Brasilia. E) Baghdad. | D. |
| Which of the following is a reason a country would select a forward-thrust capital site? A)encourage growth in2 the interior of a country B) take advnge of a coastal location E) reinforce the pwr n influence of a country’s core region | A. |
| Balkanization is most closely associated with which of the following terms? A) Secondary activities. B) Tipping point. C) Multi-linear evolution. D) Shatterbelt. E) Bulk-loss industry. | D. |
| Which of the following countries has endured the effects of balkanization? A) United States. B) Yugoslavia. C) Australia. D) Brazil. E) Nigeria. | B. |
| All of the following areas have recently experienced or were created through balkanization except A) Chechnya. B) Serbia. C) Estonia. D) Vietnam. E) Brazil. | E. |
| These forces tend to bind together the citizens of a state. A) Centripetal. B) Centrifugal. C) Colonialism. D) Gravity. E) Regionalism. | A. |
| All of the following tend to be centripetal forces within a country except A) education system. B) military. C) common language. D) regionalism. E) transportation system. | D. |
| . In political geography these forces tend to disrupt and threaten the unity of a state. A) Centripetal. B) Centrifugal. C) Homogeneity. D) Common values. E) Common history. | B. |
| Which of the following is not a centrifugal force within Sri Lanka? A) Religion. B) Ethnicity. C) Language. D) History of conflict. E) Equal representation in government. | E. |
| This sub field of geography studies the political, economic and strategic significance of geography? A) Linguistics. B) Econometrics. C) Geopolitics. D) Anthropology. E) Demography. | C. |
| Which of the following states is not universally recognized as an independent state by the United Nations? A) South Africa. B) South Korea. C) Turkey. D) Taiwan. E) Sri Lanka. | D. |
| Which entities has increasingly gained both econ n political power on a global scale in the 21st century via globalization? A) Transnational corporations. B) Sub-regional governments. C) City-states. D) Landlocked states. E) Rural areas. | A |
| Which best describes the effect of globalization related to state sovereignty? A) States sovereignty has increased bc globalization B) States have given up some sovereignty in order to join supra-nationalistic organizations E) State sovereignty inc | B. |
| multiple individuals acting in their own short term self interest can destroy a shared resource even if maintaining tht res is the best 4 the individuals A Privatization C Environmental determinism D Ecological footprint E Tragedy of the commons | E |
| The presence of centrifugal forces within a country has lead many central governments to transfer central government power to regional or local governments. This process is called A) devolution. C) autocratic. D) imperialism. E) capitalism. | A |
| Accord 2 the UN Conv on the Law of the Sea wats the correct order from most control to least A) Territorial seas, contiguous zone, eez, high seas B) H seas ter seas contig zone eez D) Terr seas exclusive economic zone h seas cont zone | A |
| Which of the following sub-regions recently gained more central government powers with the creation of a parliament? A) Colorado. B) Scotland. C) Russia. D) Ireland. E) Kosovo. | B |
| Select the group that is not a supranational organization. A) EU. B) OAS. C) OPEC. D) CIA. E) NATO. | D |
| What is it called when three or more states cooperate in order to promote shared objectives in the areas of defense, economy or cultural cooperation? A) Multi-nationalism. B) Devolution. C) Supranationalism. D) Nationalism. E) Colonialism. | C. |
| The main purpose of the EU is to A) promote the common defense of member states. B) create an economic free trade zone for member countries. C) use tariffs and quotas to discourage trade. E) create a common currency. | B. |
| NAFTA is a Supranationalistic organization, which attempted to create a free trade zone in which region? A) North Africa. B) North Atlantic. C) New Zealand and Australia. D) North America. E) Nigerian and Arab countries. | D. |
| An area in which businesses are exempt from certain taxes and govt regulations 2 give other econ advants as an inducement to promote growth or trade. A) Realm. B) Enterprise zones. C) Perceptual region. E) Economies of scale. | B |
| After WWI, the boundaries of countries were redrawn to correspond with A) the distribution of languages. B) the distribution of power. C) the distribution of ancient tribal areas. D) the provisions of the United Nations. | A. |
| This symbolic term refers to the division between the Soviet Union and its satellites and the rest of Europe after World War II. A) Cold War. B) Iron Curtain. C) Great Wall. D) Demilitarized Zone (DMZ). E) Line of Control. | B. |
| A state of conflict, tension and competition existed between the 1940s and 1990s between which two countries? A) China and India. B) United States and Soviet Union. C) China and Taiwan. D) India and Pakistan. E) Israel and Palestine. | B |
| The process of redrawing voting district boundaries in order to give one political party or group an electoral advantage is called A) devolution. B) gerrymandering. C) political enclave. D) popular sovereignty. E) cultural landscape. | B. |
| Which type of gerrymandering is designed to elect minority candidates? A) Stacked. B) Wasted vote. C) Fragmented. D) Aligned. E) Persuasive. | A. |
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