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World Cultures 09 ex
ESD world cultures final spring exam
| Term/Name | Definiton/ fact |
|---|---|
| analects | One who renounces physical pleasures and worldly attachments for the sake of spiritual advancement; common in Hinduism and many other religious traditions, most notably Jainism. |
| Atman | The eternal self |
| Brahman | All forms of reality share a common essence |
| Avatar | An incarnation or living embodiment, of a deity, usually of Vishnu, who is sent to earth to accomplish divine purpose; Krishna and Rama are the most popular avatars. |
| Rig Veda | Hinduism’s oldest sacred text |
| Maya | Comic illusion brought about by divine creative power. |
| Caste system | Traditional divisions of Hindu society into various categories: Brahman, Kshatriya, vaishya, shudra, |
| Four goals of life | Dharma (virtue), Artha (success) and Kama (pleasure), moksha (release) |
| Karma | The moral law of ca use and effect of actions. |
| Dharma | Ethical duty based on the divine order of reality |
| Moksha | Ethical duty based on the divine order of reality |
| Monism | The doctrine that reality is ultimately made up of 1 essence |
| Upanishads | A collection of over 200 texts composed between 900 and 200 B.C. that provides philosophical commentary on the Vedas. |
| Samara | The wheel of rebirth or reincarnation |
| Three Paths of Liberation | Knowledge, reunification and devotion |
| Four stages of Life | the student, the householder, and the retired person, while the fourth is the ascetic |
| Mahavira | Great Hero, contemporary Gautama |
| Asceticism | The reunification of physical pleasure and worldly attachments for the sake of spiritual advancement |
| Ahimsa | Not desiring to harm, nonviolence |
| Sky Clad | In Wicca and Wicca-based Neopaganism, sky clad is used to refer to ritual nudity. |
| White Robed | The monks and nuns of the Shvetambara sect wear simple white garments |
| Kevala | Jain term for spiritual perfection |
| Nanak | Nanak Founder of Sikhism |
| Gobind | was the tenth Guru of Sikhism. |
| Adi Granth | the fifth Sikh Guru |
| Guru | A spiritual teacher |
| Khalsa | The Pure Ones |
| The 5 K’s | Uncut hair, a comb, a steel wrist guard, a sword/knife, and a pair of shorts. |
| The four passing sights | an old crippled man (old age), a diseased man (illness), a decaying corpse (death), and finally an ascetic (A person who seeks the end to suffering). |
| The four Noble Truths | Dukkha All worldly life is unsatisfactory, disjointed, suffering. Samudaya There is a cause of suffering, which is attachment or desire .Nirodha There is a way out of suffering, which is to eliminate attachment and desire. Marga The path that leads out o |
| The eight fold path | Right Understanding, Right Thought, Right Speech, Right Action, Right Livelihood, Right Effort, Right Mindfulness, Right Concentration |
| Bodhisattvas | Beings who have experienced enlightenment but, motivated by compassion, stop short of entering nirvana so as to help others achieve it. |
| The three Branches of Buddhism | Nikaya, Mahayana, and Vajrayana. |
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