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US History Unit 6
A Nation Divided 1850-1865 Vocab
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| The Wilmot Proviso | any land acquired from Mexico slavery will not be allowed |
| Popular Sovereignty | allows each new state to decide for itself if it would allow slavery |
| Free-Soil Party | opposed slavery in the west, keep jobs for free men, show division in politics |
| Election of 1848 | Zachary Taylor elected president-divided Democratic Party |
| Compromise of 1850 | keeps America intact for the moment |
| Fugitive Slave Act | capture and return escaped slaves |
| Uncle Tom's Cabin | a book that changed how Northerners felt about slavery-it made African American people and slavery evil |
| Kansas-Nebraska Act (1854) | repealed Missouri Compromise and creates territories of Kansas & Nebraska |
| Bleeding Kansas | Kansas becomes a battle ground, 2 governments established |
| Emancipation | Fact or process of being set free from slavery |
| Civil Rights | Rights of citizens to political and social equality and freedom |
| Abolition | The action of ending a system or practice |
| Expansion | Making the borders of a nation larger so as to include more land |
| Slavery | In United States history: a system of bondage where African Americans were forced to work for owners for no pay |
| Federal | Central government of the United States - three branches (including executive, legislative, judicial) |
| Sectionalism | Different lifestyles, social structures, customs, and political values of the North, and South |
| States Rights | Rights of the states in comparison to the power of the federal government |
| Dred Scott v. Sandford(1857) | Supreme Court ruled African Americans, free or slave, are not protected by the constitution |
| John Brown's Raid | John Brown attempts to promote a slave uprising, armed enslaved Africans at Harper's Ferry |
| Civil War-1861-1865 North, The Union | Advantages-population 22 million, industry= more supplies, better navy, transportation(railroads), Lincoln holds things together Disadvantages-political differences(Democrats/Republicans disagree over the war), draft=riots of NYC 1863 must defeat south |
| Civil War-1861-1865 South, The Confederates | Advantages-military tradition(military schools), motivated soldiers, better generals, homeland(most of war fought in south) Disadvantages-smaller population(9 million), lack of transportation, lack of money, weak central government |
| The Battle of Bull Run | July 21, 1961, first major battle of the Civil War |
| The Naval War | The Chain, union blockade of major Southern ports, New Orleans falls |
| War in the West | The Saw, Ulysses S. Grant cuts Tennessee in 1/2, attacks river positions -Battle of Shiloh-Union victory, 20,000 casualities |
| War in the East | To Seize, battle to capture Richmond, Va -7 Days Battle-union forced to retreat, heavy casualties, 30,000 -2nd Battle of Bull Run-South forced to retreat |
| Battle of Antienam | Lee invades the North, Bloodies day in American history( union won, but 22,000 casualties) |
| The Emancipation Proclamation (1863) | freed only slaves in rebellious states |
| The Battle of Gettysburg | South lost 28,000 men, no longer able to win the war |
| Gettysburg Address (1863) | a remembrance of those that gave their lives "all men are created equal" the war was a fight for freedom and greater good |
| 13th Amendment (1865) | Ends slaver in the U.S. |
| Reconstruction | formal rebuilding of the south after the war and terms of southern reinstatement to the USA |
| Lincoln's Plan (The 10% Plan) | -pardon to all -when 10% of 1860 voters had pledged an oath to the Union, that state could organize |
| Radical Republicans | led by Thaddeus Stevens -Prevent Confederacy leaders from keeping power after the war -Republican power in the South -Protect and provide African Americans the right to vote |
| Freedmen's Bureau (1865) | -Job training, food/clothing for refugees in South -4000 schools built -100 hospitals |
| Black Codes (1865) | laws specifically designed to limit the rights of African Americans |
| Civil Rights Act of 1866 | -all people born in the U.S. are citizens -African Americans can own property -African Americans must be treated equally in court -U.S. government can sue those that violate this law. |
| 14th Amendment (1868) | -citizenship to all born or naturalized in America(overrule Dred Scott Case) -No state can deny "life, liberty or property" without "due process" of the law -No state can deny "equal protection of the law" |
| Military Reconstruction Act (1867) | -divided the south into 5 military districts -develop a new state constitution -must allow all males to vote, regardless of race -states must pass the 14th Amendment-before members elected to Congress |
| Election of 1868 | -Johnson doesn't seek reelection -Ulysses S. Grant runs for Republicans -Grans wins-winning 6 Southern states |
| 15th Amendment (1870) | -Gave the right to vote to male African Americans -Voting can't be denied based upon "race, color, or previous servitude." |
| carpetbaggers | northerners that moved south following the war, some were trying to help, some were not so nice |
| scalawags | southerners that voted republican |
| The Ku Klux Klan | wanted to drive out Union Troops, carpetbaggers, and return the South to control of the Democratic Party, used fear to prevent African Americans and white republicans from voting |
| The Compromise of 1877 | -Hayes (Republican) vs. Tilden(Democrat) both fail to receive enough electoral votes to become president -Congress investigates and finds election fraud -Compromise=Hayes becomes president and Union troops removed from the South Reconstruction ends |
| sharecroppers | paid their rent with a share of the crops they harvested; many failed due to high interest rates and borrowed money to cover the costs of seed and other supplies |
| tenant farmers | rented land to farm |
| dept peonage | sharecroppers trapped by their dept-forced labor or prison time |
| impeach | to formally charge an official with misconduct in office |
| amnesty | an official pardon for people who have been convicted of political offenses. |
| pocket veto | an indirect veto of a legislative bill by the president or a governor by retaining the bill unsigned until it is too late for it to be dealt with during the legislative session |
| sin tax | a tax on items considered undesirable or harmful, such as alcohol or tobacco |
| Popular Soverneignty | a system in which the residents vote to decide an issue |
| Secession | the formal withdrawal of a state from the union |
| Underground Railroad | a system of routes along which runaway slaves were helped to escape to Canada or to safe areas in the free states |
| Transcontinental Railroad | a railroad line linking the Atlantic and Pacific coasts of the United States, completed in 1869 |
| referendum | a procedure by which a proposed legislative measure can be submitted to a vote of people |
| insurrection | a violent uprising against an authority or government |
| confederacy | the Confederate States of America, a confederation formed in 1861 by the Southern states after their secession from the union. |
| Martial Law | temporary rule by military rather than civilian authority |
Created by:
Mrs.Ingerick
Popular U.S. History sets