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Genetics Set III
Mitosis & Meiosis
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What is mitosis the replication of? | replication of the nucleus |
| What is cytokinesis the replication of? | replication of cytoplasm |
| How do bacteria divide? | by binary fission (or prokaryotic fission) |
| What does meiosis make? | gametes |
| a mature egg or sperm cell | gametes |
| steps of binary fission | bacterial cell grows, DNA duplicates, cell pinches in half |
| stage of eukar. cell cycle where the cell is active & maybe preparing to divide | interphase |
| What is the longest stage of the eukaryotic cell cycle? | interphase |
| What is the 2nd longest stage of the eukaryotic cell cycle? | mitosis |
| What is the shortest stage of the eukaryotic cell cycle? | cytokinesis |
| How do single-celled eukaryotes reproduce? | by mitosis |
| How do multicellular eukaryotes grow? | by mitosis |
| How do multicellular eukaryotes replace worn-out cells? | by mitosis |
| process in which daughter cells that are genetically identical to the original cell in eukaryotes | mitosis |
| Name one difference b/w mitosis and binary fission? | Mitosis occurs in eukaryotes, binary fission occurs in prokaryotes |
| What does binary fission result in? | two identical bacteria cells |
| Can chromosomes be seen in interphase? | No, they are so thin that they cannot be seen individually |
| DNA/protein complex that forms chromosomes | chromatin |
| area where sister chromatids are joined | centromere |
| where the ribosmal subunits are created | nucleolus |
| What starts to form during prophase? | spindle fibers |
| What phase in the cell cycle does the nuclear envelope and nucleolus goes away? | prophase |
| What phase in the cell cycle does the duplicated chromosomes become visible as they condense? | prophase |
| steps of interphase | G1, S, G2 |
| Mitosis begins w/ what phase? | mitosis |
| Plant cell walls are made up of what polysaccharide? | cellulose |
| In what phase of cell division do spindle fibers move duplicated to the middle of the spindle? | metaphase |
| another name for the nuclear membrane | nuclear envelope |
| What are the three kinds of mitotic spindle? | aster MTs, kinetochore MTs, non-kinetochorse MTs |
| What makes up the spindle fibers? | microtubles |
| In what phase of cell division do the sister chromatids separate from each other & move to opposite poles of the spindle? | anaphase |
| the two halves of the duplicated chromosomes | sister chromatids |
| In telophase, the events of ______ are reversed. | prophase |
| In what phase of cell division do the nuclear envelopes & nuclei form, chromosomes decondense, and the spindle disassembles? | telophase |
| Do the steps of mitosis and meiosis have the same names? | Essentially, yes, but meiosis also has like prophase I, prophase II, etc. |
| What in animal cells pinches the cell w/ two nuclei into two cells, each w/ one nucleus? | cleavage furrow |
| Do plant cells pinch in half when undergoing cytokinesis? | No, instead a cell plate forms b/w the two nuclei, building a cell wall b/w them |
| What are chromosomes | big molecules of DNA that contain the genes of an organism |
| Do all organisms have the same number of chromosomes? | No it varies |
| How pairs of chromosomes are in a human cell? | 23 |
| What are prokaryotic chromosomes like? | They are circular molecules of DNA |
| Where are there chromosomes in a cell? | chloroplasts, mitochondria, nucleus |
| What are eukaryotic nuclear chromosomes like? | They are long linear molecules of DNA |
| What do nuclear chromosomes contain that help make the chromosomes fit into the nucleus? | proteins |
| What are the proteins that help chromosomes fit into the nucleus called? | histones and non-histone proteins |
| What are organisms that have pairs of chromosomes called? | diploid |
| Are gametes diploid or haploid? | haploid (1n) |
| What is unique about the autosomal chromosomes in humans? | They are the same in everyone |
| What is another name for the first 22 chromosomes? | autosome |
Created by:
OnChromebook
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