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Bio-Reproduction
Meiosis, asexual and sexual reproduction
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| asexual reproduction | an organism producing a genetically identical copy of itself, no mate |
| sexual reproduction | an egg and a sperm combine from 2 parents to create a genetic variation of themselves, joining of gametes |
| budding, process | the nucleus and cytoplasm grow and then divide into 2 cells of unequal size, the bud is an extension of the parent, the bud pinches off and becomes a new individual |
| regeneration, process | organism can develop lost body parts or form a new individual from a fragment (starfish) |
| spores | tiny cells used to create gametes |
| vegetative propagation | parent plant uses runners to produce identical plants, new plant becomes an individual |
| binary fission, process | circular chromosome duplicates and attaches to the cell membrane, a new membrane forms, b/c chromosomes are forced apart, membrane constricts and 2 cells are formed |
| haploid | half of the normal amount of chromosomes, humans 23, one set of chromosomes |
| diploid | normal amount of chromosomes, humans 46, two sets of homologous chromosomes |
| crossing over | exchange of corresponding DNA segments between non sister chromatids, the homologous chromosomes trade equal amounts of DNA |
| chiasma | site of tetrad attachment and site where chromosomes cross over |
| homologous chromosomes | chromosomes with the same length, centromere position, and gene location, sister chromatids from each parent, chromosomes that have the same information |
| locus | the position of a gene |
| gamete | sperm and egg cells, reproductive cells, cells with a haploid number of chromosomes |
| somatic cell | cells with 23 pairs of homologous chromosomes, every other cell besides a gamete |
| zygote | diploid cell, 23 chromosomes from each parent, cell that forms from an egg and sperm combination, 1st cell of a living organism |
| polar body | small egg cell that is not taken care of and dies |
| nondisjunction | failure of chromosomes of chromatids to separate normally during meiosis |