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Religions
Social Studies
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What do religions focus on? | Events and forces outside the natural world. |
| What do philosophies focus on? | Human interaction with others. |
| What was religion like during the Neolithic Age? | Hunters and gathers believed that certain areas or animals were sacred because spirits were present in such objects. They also believed in polytheism, and believed each god had a different agricultural role . |
| True or False: Egypt, Mesopotamia, Indus River Valley, Olmec, Chavin, Greece, and Rome all had very similar polytheistic backgrounds. | True. |
| What were the three universalizing religions and what helped them grow? | Buddhism, Islam and Christianity, grew rapidly due to the Silk Road and the Indian Ocean Circuit. |
| What were the ethnic religions? | Judaism, Taoism, Confucianism, and Hinduism. |
| What time period had the most rapid spreading of religion due to the trade routes? | 600 BCE- 600 CE. |
| Holy book of Judaism. | Torah, written in 10th century BCE. |
| Followers of Judaism. | Hebrews. |
| Founder of Judaism that made a covenant with God. | Abraham. |
| Where Abraham and his followers went to practice monotheism after slavery in Egypt. | Israel. |
| Hebrews went through ____________. (spreading of people due to conquers) | Diaspora. |
| What religions did Judaism inspire? | Christianity, Zoroastrianism, and Islam. |
| How did the Hebrews' view of God differ from earlier religions'? | They saw god as less human-like than earlier religions, “all knowing, all powerful, and always just. |
| Zoroastrianism was the official religion of ________________. | Persia. |
| Founder of Zoroastrianism. | Zoro Aster. (born in 7th century BCE) |
| Holy book of Zoroastrianism. | Zend Avesta. |
| The only god of Zoroastrianism. | Ahura Mazda. |
| True or False: Zoroastrianism encouraged people to decide for themselves to help good or evil. | True. |
| Evil spirit of Zoroastrianism. | Angra Mainyu. |
| Where was Christianity established? | Judea, Rome. |
| Founder of Christianity . | Jesus of Nazareth. |
| True or False: Christianity only appealed to the rich because only those of high social status could go to heaven. | False, it appealed to the poor because all could go to heaven despite social status or ethnicity. |
| Christian values. | Love and charity. |
| How did Jesus die? | Jesus was crucified in 30 CE because the Romans were threatened by him. |
| Who spread Christianity after Jesus' death? | Paul spread the religion after Jesus’ death and helped explain it to Greeks and Romans. |
| Passed by Emperor Constantine, toleration towards Christianity. | Edict of Milan. |
| Made Christianity the official religion of Rome but the downfall of Rome was inevitable. | Emperor Theodosius. |
| The first to attempt to spread monotheism over his god, Aten. | Akhenaten, an Egyptian Pharaoh. |
| True or False: Judaism was the first successful monotheistic religion that began in 2000 BCE. | True. |
| Largest ethnic religion. | Hinduism. |
| Where was Hinduism established? | In India and was tied into its culture. |
| Hinduism believes in a greater __________ that is a part of all humans’ souls/_____________. | Spirit, Atman. |
| Destiny. | Karma. |
| Duties. | Dharma. |
| How is karma determined? | Caste. |
| It is believed that if you fulfill your ________, you will move on to the next _________ level until you reach _________, or reunite with the universal spirit, _____________. | Dharma, caste, moksha, Brahman. |
| Opposite deities of Hinduism. | Vishnu and Shiva. |
| What provided moral guidelines for Hindus? | Rig Veda and other writings. |
| Where was Buddhism established? | Ganges River Valley. |
| Founder of Buddhism. | Siddhartha Gautama. |
| Union with universal spirit of Buddhism. | Nirvana. |
| Guidelines that explained how to achieve Nirvana. | Four Noble Truths and Eightfold Path. |
| True or False: Anyone can achieve nirvana. | True. |
| Who helped spread Buddhism by converting to it ? | Ashoka. |
| Two types of Buddhism. | Theravada (strict) and Mahayana. |
| Confucius' idea of a noble man to serve as a model for human behavior in The Analects. | The gentleman. |
| Founder of Confucianism. | Confucius. |
| Book of Confucianism that was written by his followers after Confucius' death. | The Analects. |
| Confucius' belief that people should give and take equally within the five relationships. | Reciprocity. |
| Confucianism's values. | Family , five key relationships. |
| When was Confucianism established and what philosophy did it take out of power? | After the Warring States Period. (555-479 BCE), Legalism. |
| Value of Confucianism that emphasizes filial piety and family. | Xiao. |
| Value of Confucianism that emphasizes kindness and benevolence. | Ren. |
| Value of Confucianism that emphasizes tradition and reciprocity. | Li. |
| Philosophers that edited Confucianism later on. | Mencius and Xunzi. |
| True or False: Confucianism is a religion. | False, although Confucianism does not deny the existence of gods, it makes people responsible for their own behavior, which makes it a philosophy. |
| Philosophy that encourages its followers to retreat from society and reflect on their life. | Taoism. |
| An inevitable force that is the way of nature. | Dao. |
| What is the dao often compared to? | Water, because it appears still but can affect much. |
| Founder of Daoism. | Laozi. |
| True or False: Daoism encouraged a strong, centralized government and did not care about harmony. | False, it encouraged individuals to find their own meaning of life through the dao, and cared deeply about harmony. |
| Islam's Founder. | Muhammad. |
| True or False: Unlike Jesus of Nazareth, Muhammad was seen as human. | True. |
| Where did Islam originate from? | The Arabian Peninsula. |
| Why was Islam a universalizing religion and what helped it spread? | It appealed to people of many different backgrounds and cultures. People believed religion or philosophy was more significant than government, which helped it spread. |
| Arabia's geography and its nickname. | Dry, uninhabitable deserts, known as "the empty quarter". |
| True or False: Arabia was under one centralized government before Islam. | False, they were split into tribes that often fought with one another. |
| Name for Arabians. | Bedouins. |
| Why were Mecca and Medina significant before Islam? | They were major trading centers across the Red Sea. |
| Ka'aba. | Religious shrine of Islam, devoted to Allah during the Bedouin reign, only one not destroyed by Muhammad. |
| Black Stone. | Sacred rock in the ka'aba that held spirits inside of it. |
| Bedouin religion was a mixture of _______________, objects containing ordinary objects, and _____________, although Allah was seen as the supreme deity. | Animism, polytheism. |
| How did Muhammad establish Islam? | He received visions from Allah telling him that he should be worshiped as the only God. |
| Muhammad and his followers' journey to Medina after fighting with the Bedouin government. | Hijrah. |
| Muslim community. | Umma. |
| Muhammad's successor. | Abu Bakr. |
| Islam's holy book. | Koran. |
| Collection of stories and quotes of Muhammad. | Hadith. |
| Islam's laws. | Sharia. |
| Muhammad was seen as __________ ________ _________ because Muslims believed he was the final prophet of God. | Seal of Prophets. |
| Five pillars of Islam. | Confession of faith, pray five times a day, fasting during Ramadan, charity, pilgrimage to Mecca. |
| Islam's temple. | Mosque. |
| Abu Bakr was well known for ______________. | Expansion. |
| Reason Muslims wanted to expand Islam and conquer, as well as the weakening of other empires. | Jihad. ("holy war") |
| Third caliph of Islam. | Ali. |
| First caliph of the Umayyad Dynasty. | Mauwiya. |
| True or False: Conquered people of the caliphates were forced to convert to Islam. | False, religious toleration was in place, nonetheless non-Muslims had to pay taxes. |
| Nickname for Christians and Jews by the Muslims, shows respect due to their common theme of monotheism. | People of the book. |
| How was the Umayyad Dynasty overthrown? | Non-Arabs revolted. |
| What were the two dynasties of Islam? | Umayyad and Abbasid. |
| What dynasty of Islam was in power during the golden age? | Abbasid. |
| What caused the downfall of the Abbasid Empire? | Due to the non-Arab revolts that led to the fall of the Ummayad Dynasty. the family decided to treat non-Arabs equally. This led to creating an extremely large, multi-cultural empire. They also had little control over the military. |
| Three concepts the Abbasid Empire developed. | Sharia, ulama, viziers. |
| What was a common theme between the founding of Islam, Christianity, and Buddhism? | They were all found by wandering holy men. |
| Inventions involving ____________ were involved in the golden age of Islam. | Agriculture. |
| Examples of Islam's inventions involving agriculture and what it led to. | New crops (sugarcane, rice, spinach) and farming techniques, surplus of food. |
| How were the Abbasid Empire and its everyday citizens so wealthy? | Trade and imperialism. |
| True or False: Early Islam respected women and treated them well, but as caliphates grew, they lost power. | True. |
| True or False: Muslim caliphates tolerated slavery. | True. |
| All Muslims had to understand ___________ in order to read the Koran. | Arabic. |
| Famous Muslim story about a wife trying to save herself from her husband by telling bedtime stories. | A Thousand One Nights. |
| Islamic universities that studied science and philosophy. | Madrasas. |
| Islamic praying tower. | Minaret. |
| Why did Muslims decorate the mosques and pottery with shapes instead of religious figures? | It was forbidden to create drawings of Muhammad or Allah, as it was known that only Allah could produce things related to humans. |
| The Islamic golden age made many strides in ______________, especially Al-Jabr. | Mathematics. |
| Who conquered the Abbasids? | The Seljuk-Turks. |
| Who conquered the Seljuk Turks? | The Mongols. |
| What was Hinduism a blend of and is it considered a philosophy or religion? | Aryan and Dravidian beliefs, religion. |
| Is Buddhism considered a philosophy or religion? | Both. |
| Despite being an ethnic philosophy, how did Confucianism spread? | Through loyal disciples and poems. |
| True or False: There are no scriptures written about Daoism. | True. |
| What were two effects of the Silk Road and Indian Ocean Maritime System? | Spreading of new ideas and new merchant class. |
| True or False: Moses was born in Egypt, received the Ten Commandments, and is only seen as a prophet for the Jews. | False, although the first two ideas are true, Moses is seen as a prophet for Jews, Christians, and Muslims. |
| The Umayyads were well known for ______________. | Expansion. |
| The Abbasids were known for ________________. | Trade. |
| Why did Beduoin clans fight with one another? | Since they lived in a dry climate, food was scarce and fought over. |
| Why did the Bedouin leaders fear Muhammad's teachings? | Since Islam was a monotheistic religion, its spreading meant that Mecca would receive less publicity for their polytheistic shrines. |
| Dome of the rock. | A rock that was holy to both Muslims and Jews, because it was where Muhammad started his journey and where Abraham offered Isaac to God. |
| Sunnis. | Believed the caliph should be elected, made up the majority of the population. |
| Shiites. | Believed the caliph should be a descent of Muhammad, supported Alli. |
| A group of Muslims that connected their lives to the divine truth, similar to Buddhists, example: whirling dervishes. | Sufis. |
| Religions/Philosophies that were established in period one. | Hinduism, Judaism, ?. |
| Religions/Philosophies that were established in period two. | Buddhism, Confucianism, Christianity. |
| Religions/Philosophies that were established in period three. | Islam. |
| Scripture for Buddhism. | Tripactaca. |
| Similarities between Hinduism and Buddhism. | Both believed in a greater spirit that you would meet with if you met certain standards. |
| How are the Four Noble Truths and Eight Fold Path related to one another? | The Four Noble Truths tell you that in order to reach Nirvana, you must stop suffering, and the Eight Fold Path tells you how to stop suffering and end desire. |
| Why was Buddhism seen as a better option for lower class Hindus? | if you are in the lower class of Hinduism, you must go through many lives in order to reach moksha. In Buddhism, all could reach nirvana in one life. |
| Why was knowledge power in Confucianism? | Confucianism's leaders were determined by tests about Confucianism, and those who passed the tests were given authority. |
| Tests everyday people took to get most jobs in Confucianism. | Civil Service Exams. |
Created by:
emarciante9
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