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Biology Ch.9.2 Terms
The Mammalian Circulatory System
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Cardiac Circulation | The route taken by the blood within the heart. |
| Pulmonary Circulation | The pathway of the blood from the heart to the lungs and back. |
| Systemic Circulation | The route from the heart to the rest of the body. |
| Function of Arteries | Carry blood away from the heart. Blood is oxygenated, and at high pressure. |
| Elasticity | Allows artery to expand as blood passes through and then snap back into place. Allows blood to flow in the right direction. |
| Muscle | Helps this 'pumping motion', to push blood through other vessels in the right direction. |
| Smooth Inner Layer | Reduces friction, allowing blood to flow easily. |
| Function of Veins | Carry waste-rich blood towards the heart. Blood is at a very low pressure; de-oxygenated. Must somehow counteract the effects of gravity. |
| One-way valves | Prevent the blood from flowing backward. Rely on contractions of other body muscles in order to assist in the flow of blood below the heart. |
| Function of Capillaries | Regulate the movement of fluids and other materials into and out of the blood stream. Also involved in the regulation of heat. |
| Red Blood Cells | Called Enthrocytes. Small. Disk shaped. No nucleus. They contain about 280 million molecules of the pigment hemoglobin. |
| Hemoglobin | Respiratory pigment. Contains iron. |
| RBC Life Span | Life span is 3-4 months. Dead RBC's are carried to the liver where the iron from the hemoglobin is recycled. A healthy body produces up to 1-2 million RBC's per second. RBC's are made in the bone marrow. |
| White Blood Cells | Called leucocytes. Primarily function in the immunity and fighting infection. Have nuclei. Appear colourless. Larger than RBCs. 1% of total blood volume. |
| Platelets | Not cells! They are fragments of cells! No nucleus. Life span of only 7-10 days. Important role in the clotting of blood. |
| Plasma | Fluid portion of the blood. Contains dissolved proteins. Fibrinogen=clotting. Helps in the transport of carbon dioxide. Also transports nutrients, hormones, electrolytes, antibodies and waste materials. |
| Functions of Blood | Distribution of materials (nutrients, glucose, amino acids) to the liver for storage. Removes wastes. Convey hormones from origin to destination. |
Created by:
Inkina
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