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Early Republic
8th gd Early Republic
| Term | Description |
|---|---|
| Anti-Federalist | Opposed approval of the new Constitution; George Mason, Patrick Henry; feared strong central government |
| Bill of Rights | 1st ten amendments to the U.S. Constitution; protect rights of the individual |
| Constitution | Written plan of government; listed powers & structure of new national government |
| Checks & Balances | Each branch of government has several ways to stop or “check” the other branches |
| Federalism | The national (federal) and state governments share power |
| Federalist Papers | Essays by Alexander Hamilton, John Jay & James Madison that helped persuade Americans to approve the new constitution |
| Foreign Policy | Strategies, procedures & practices that protect & reflect a country’s interests in international relations |
| Limited Government | Powers of government are limited; the people give the government only certain powers |
| Marbury v. Madison | Marshall court established the principle of judicial review- strengthened power of the judiciary to interpret Constitution |
| McCulloch v. Maryland | Identified the “necessary & proper” or elastic clause – gives Congress powers needed to carry out powers listed in Constitution |
| National Bank | Place to deposit taxes, provide sound currency, make loans to national government; proposed by Hamilton |
| Philadelphia Convention | Also known as Constitutional Convention; 1787- addressed problems in Articles of Confederation; resulted in new constitution |
| Popular Sovereignty | Authority of the government is created and sustained by the consent of the people |
| Protective Tariff | Tax or fee on imported goods; protects domestic economy |
| Republicanism | A state where supreme power is held by the people & their elected representatives, with an elected or nominated president |
| Separation of Powers | Government power divided into 3 strong branches: executive, judicial & legislative |
| 3/5 Compromise | Answers how slaves should be counted for purpose of representation; 5 slaves = 3 persons |
| War of 1812 | Fought against the British; cause – forced impressment of soldiers; U.S. preserved its independence |
| Washington’s Farewell Address | Warned against the rise of political parties & the challenges of foreign affairs |
| Precedent | An example set by a leader for others to follow |
| neutrality | Policy of not choosing sides in a war or dispute between other countries |
| Alien & Sedition Acts | Laws passed by Federalists expelling foreigners & forbidding criticism of President (Adams); first challenge to the 1st Amendment |
| XYZ Affair | French attempt to bribe U.S. (pay tribute) |
| impressment | To kidnap at sea & “press” (force) into service for enemy’s navy |
| cabinet | Group of officials who lead departments and advise the President |
| Whiskey Rebellion | Pres.Washington sends troops when farmers refuse to pay taxes; first test of the new governmen |
| Alexander Hamilton | Federalist who supported a strong central government; Created the Bank of the U.S. |
| Monroe Doctrine | Policy that the U.S. would defend the western hemisphere; that it was closed to European colonization |
Created by:
jennscott
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