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US History
semester 1 US History review
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Lusitania | a German U-boat sinks the British passenger liner, the Lusitania, off the coast of Ireland |
| Red Scare | fear of communism in the US |
| Sacco and Vanzetti | two men were found guilty and put to death for murder, known anarchists |
| Great Migration | a great movement of African Americans from the rural south to the industrial north after WW1 |
| Harlem Renaissance | emphasis on black culture resulting in an artistic and literary movement |
| What was the Zimmerman Telegram? | -German foreign minister Andrew Zimmerman sends a telegram to Mexico proposing an alliance with Mexico in the chance that the US joins the war -Wilson (Woodrow) declares war on April 6th, 1917 |
| What were the purposes of war bonds? | -help finance the war -by buying Liberty Bonds, Americans were loaning the government money |
| What was Wilson's 14 Points? What was its purpose? | -general goals for post World War -"peace without victory" -peace inspired by noble ideals, not agreed and vengeance |
| What was the purpose of the League of Nations? | -point 14 of Wilson's 14 Points establishes a league of nations to try to maintain world peace -to prevent another world war from happening -countries could gather and peacefully resolve their issues/quarrels |
| What was the impact of the War Guilt Clause? | -war guilt clause=reparations (money) -war is blamed on Germany so they had to pay reparations |
| What changes occurred for women in the 1920's? | -new women of the 1920's were very liberated -more makeup, assumed she had the same rights as men -many women wanted more control over their lives and they got it |
| Identify America's stance on immigration in the 1920's: what groups were excluded? | -Emergency Quota Act of 1921 and the National Origins Act of 1924 establish a quota system to govern immigration -restricted immigrants from countries such as Italy, Russia, and China |
| What was the Sacco and Vanzetti trial? Why was it important? | -caused even more fear and suspicion of minorities -convictions were more based on political beliefs and ethnicity more so than actual evidence |
| What were some effects of prohibition? | -bootleggers: sold illegal alcohol to consumers -speakeasies (secret bars) attracted customers in big cities -promoted organized crime |
| How did the radio change in the 1920's? | -millions of radios and phonographs were marketed in 1920's -allowed people to share similar popular culture |
| Who created and popularized jazz? | -Harlem was a hotspot -African American musicians blended musical styles -Louis Armstrong and Bessie Smith |
| 19th amendment | gave women right to vote |
| 18th amendment | established prohibition of alcoholic beverages in the US by declaring the production, transport, and sale of alcohol illegal |
| Prohibition | nationwide constitutional ban on the production, importation, transportation, and sale of alcoholic beverages |
| Square Deal | reform proposals designed by Teddy Roosevelt that aimed to keep the wealthy and powerful from taking advantage of small business owners |
| Muckraker | socially conscious journalists and writers who exposed the negative parts of society to the public |
| Initiative | gave people the power to put a proposed law directly on the ballot in the next election by collecting citizens' signatures on a petition |
| Recall | gives voters the power to remove public servants from office before their terms ended |
| Referendum | allows citizens to approve or reject laws passed by a legislature |
| Identify progressive groups in the 1800s | -National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP) -Anti-Defamation League: formed in 1913 to protect Jewish families |
| What was the purpose of initiatives, referendums, and recalls for people during the Progressive Era? | -progressives wanted to make sure that elected officials would follow citizens' wishes -gave citizens power and a say as to what elected officials were doing |
| The Temperance Movement wanted Prohibition because... | -members of temperance movement felt that alcohol often led men to spend their money on liquor, neglect their families, and abuse their wives -keep families safe and healthy |
| Progressives thought the role of government was to... | -serve the people -progressives wanted to give more people control over government -Temperance Movement was led by the Woman's Christian Temperance Union (WCTU) |
| Who was involved in the Suffragist Movement? | -suffrage: the right to vote -National American Women Suffrage Association (NAWSA):suffragette group -Carrie Chapman Catt, Alice Paul, Susan B. Anthony, Elizabeth Cady Stanton |
| Identify Theodore Roosevelt's stance on big business | -should be heavily monitored by federal government -believed in trust-busting and breaking up monopolies -to protect small business owners |
| Nationalism | feelings of loyalty and devotion to one's nation |
| Imperialism | policy by which strong nations extend their political, military, and economic control over weaker territories |
| Yellow Journalism | sensational headlines and pictures that exaggerated the truth |
| USS Maine | Battleship Maine to Havana Harbor to protect American citizens and property due to rioting. Maine was rocked by an explosion killing 260 Americans |
| Platt Amendment | US has the "right to intervene" to preserve Cuba |
| What role did Hearst & Pulitzer in the Spanish American War? | They were yellow journalists and helped leak the De Lome letter which fueled President McKinley's decision to declare war on Spain |
| What were the goals/reasons for imperialism? | -economic benefits: desire for raw materials and natural resources -military strength: believed in having a strong navy and establishing foreign naval bases -national superiority |
| What were the immediate causes of the Spanish American War? | 1. Yellow Journalism 2. De Lome Letter 3. Sinking of the USS Maine 4. Investments in Cuba |
| What were the countries imperialized/controlled by the US in the early 1900s? | Puerto Rico, Guam, Philippines Still had interest in Cuba |
| Identify Teddy Roosevelt's famous quote about diplomacy in the early 1900s. What does it mean? | "Speak softly and carry a big stick" Means foreign negotiations were backed with the threat of military force |
| Blacklist | companies didn't hire workers who belonged to unions, putting out negative info on you so no other company would hire you |
| Interstate Commerce Act | regulated American railroads that went across state lines, couldn't make laws or central railroads transactions |
| Sherman Anti-Trust Act | outlawed trusts that restricted trade, often used in the favor of corporations who would argue that labor unions restricted trade |
| Triangle Shirtwaist Factory Fire | devastating factory fire in NY where hundreds of workers were killed and prompted many safety regulations to be put in place |
| What was the role of trusts? | -groups of companies that worked together to stop competition -companies assign their stock to a board of trustees who combine them into a new organization |
| Effects of Farm Mechanization | -other crops became cash crops instead of just cotton - allowed farmers to move out west, could grow more crops in more places -invention of the steel plow and groundwater wells |
| Innovations During the Industrial Revolution | -Thomas Edison and his team create the electric light bulb -new methods of transportation: electric streetcars, commuter trains, subways, cars (1902), planes (1st flight in 1903) |
| Factory System and Assembly Line | -factory system led to mass production -assembly line: at each step, a worker would add a specific part to whatever was being produced -increased productivity |
| Labor Unions | -Labor Unions: a group of workers who are organized for the purpose of gaining better wages, hours and benefits -American Federation of Labor and Knights of Labor |
| Settlement Houses | community center that provided social services to the urban poor |
| Jane Addams | leading figure in the settlement house movement |
| Chinese Exclusion Act | May 8, 1882, the US passes the Chinese Exclusion Act which banned the immigration of Chinese into America |
| Urban Areas | -mostly immigrant people -tenements: low cost, multi family housing designed to squeeze in as many families as possible -living conditions: usually very poor -employment: low-paying factory jobs in big cities - |
| Asian Immigrants | -Chinese immigrants were processed on Angel Island (San Fransisco Bay) -men and women would be split up while they waited to be processed -physical examination in order to check for diseases |
| Immigrants | -went through Ellis Island (in NY) -workers believed America was a melting pot -to enter had to be wealthy or have a skill |
| Populist Movement | -Populist Party seeking to advance interest of farmers and laborers -"People's Party" -increase in money supply |
| Political Bosses | -Boss Tweed: a powerful figure in Tammany Hall- New York City's Democratic political machine -which openly bought votes, encouraged judicial corruption, extracted millions from city contracts, and dominated NYC politics |
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moo_30
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