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Mid-Term 2016 8th SS
Mid-term 8th Grade SS 2016
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Slave Codes | A series of laws that limited slave rights |
| Slave Codes | Slave owners were given authority to impose harsh physical punishment and to control their slaves in any fashion they sought; without court intervention |
| Missouri Compromise | Henry Clay's solution to to the acceptance of Missouri ans a new slave-holding state |
| Slave Codes | Prohibited slaves from owning weapons, learning to read and write, meeting with other African-Americans without permission, and testifying against whites in court |
| Missouri Compromise | A new slave state would tip the balance of power between slave and free states, giving slave state more power in the Senate |
| Missouri Compromise | To settle the dispute between slave and free states in the Senate, Maine would become a new free state |
| Missouri Compromise | Missouri would enter the Union as a slave state, Maine would enter the Union as a free state, and no slavery would be allowed north of 36 degrees 30 minutes north latitude (Missouri's southern border) |
| Denmark Vesey | As a slave, he won enough money in a lottery to buy his own freedom; used church get-togethers to plan a violent slave revolt in South Carolina; he and 34 other slaves were hanged for this conspiracy |
| Tariff of Abominations | Tariff with higher import duties for many goods bought by Southern planters |
| Tariff of Abominations | John C. Calhoun of South Carolina suggested nullification would be used, suggesting that a federal law harmful to an individual state could be declared null and void with in a state |
| nullification | A state could declare a federal law null and void, having no legal force, in a state if the state did not like it |
| John C. Calhoun | From South Carolina; champion of state's rights and nullification |
| Tariff of Abominations | Tariff of 1828 |
| Webster-Hayne Debate | Debate in the senate between Daniel Webster of Massachusetts and Robert Hayne of South Carolina that was focused on sectionalism and nullification |
| Webster-Hayne Debate | Daniel Webster stated in the debate, "Liberty and Union, now and forever, one and inseparable |
| Nat Turner | Slave who led a revolt in southampton, Virginia in 1831 |
| Nat Turner | Led aout 60 slaves in an unsuccessful revolt, killing the family of his owner and running rampant through the nearby countryside, killing 55 whites |
| Abolitionism | The belief that slavery should end immediately |
| William Lloyd Garrison | Abolitionist who was the editor of the anti-slavery newspaper, The Liberator |
| Frederick Douglass | An escaped slave and outspoken abolitionist |
| Classes on the Antebellum South | Planters, Yeoman farmers, poor whites, slaves |
| Yeoman farmers | Largest group in the Antebellum South; worked the land independently to produce their own food |
| Planters | Owned large farms and many slaves; exercised political and economic control of the South with cotton exports |
| Slaves | worked the land in the South, three-fourths of whites in the South did not own slaves |
| Underground Railroad | method used to move slaves from the South to free territory in the United States and Canada |
| Harriet Tubman | A runaway freed slave who served as a conductor on the Underground Railroad; led over 300 slaves to freedom |
| Popular Sovereignty | Doctrine under which the status of slavery in the territories was to be determined by the settlers thenselves |
| Free Soil Party | Political party which opposed slavery in the new territories |
| Industry by 1850 | Centered in the North; very little industry in the South |
| Cotton | Largest export of the United States in the 1850s |
| Stephen Douglas | Nicknamed "The Little Giant" |
| Stephen Douglas | Pushed the Compromise of 1850 through Congress |
| Stephen Douglas | Introduced the Kansas-Nebraska Act in 1854 |
| Compromise of 1850 | Proposed by Henry Clay and pushed through Congress by Stephen Douglas |
| Compromise of 1850 | California was admitted as a free state; New Mexico and Utah Territories would decide if they are free or slave by popular sovereignty; Fugitive Slave Law passed |
| Fugitive Slave Law | Part of the Compromise of 1850; created federal commissioners who would pursue runaway slaves in any state, free or slave |
| Harriet Beecher Stowe | Wrote Uncle Tom's Cabin, an anti-slavery novel |
| Kansas-Nebraska Act | Legislation introduced by Stephen Douglas to facilitate the building of a transcontinental railroad |
| Kansas-Nebraska Act | Called for two territories to be created (Kansas and Nebraska); free or slave status would be decided by popular sovereignty; Nebraska became free and Kansas was a war zone known as "Bleeding Kansas" |
| Bleeding Kansas | Pro- and anti-slavery groups fought for control in the Kansas Territory |
| Republican Party | Believed that slavery should be banned in all of the United States' territories and not be permitted to spread any further |
| James Buchanan | 15th president; denied the legal right of states to secede but did nothing to stop them from leaving the Union |
| Dred Scot vs. Sandford | Supreme Court case involving a slave, Scott, who was taken by his master from Missouri, a slave state, to Illinois, a free state |
| Dred Scott vs. Sandford | After Dred Scott returned to Missouri he sued for freedom for himself and his family, stating that residing in a free state ended his slavery |
| Dred Scott vs. Sandford | Chief Justice Robert Taney, a pro-Southern judge wrote the majority opinion |
| Dred Scott vs. Sandford | The Supreme Court ruled that Scott did not have the right of citizenship and so could not bring suit in federal court; the Missouri Compromise was unconstitutional (went against the Constitution), slavery could not be prohibited in the territories |
| John Brown | abolitionist, who with his sons killed five pro-slavery settlers in Kansas in a incident known as the Pottawatamie Creek Massacre |
| John Brown | He led his followers to seize a federal arsenal at Harper's ferry, Virginia hoping to start a slave rebellion; it was a failure and he was captured, tried and hanged for treason; became a martyr for the abolitionist cause |
| Election of 1860--Candidates | Republican Party--Abraham Lincoln Northern Democratic Party--Stephen Douglas Southern Democratic Party--John Breckinridge Constitutional Union Party--John Bell |
| Election of 1860 | Abraham Lincoln elected 16th U. S. president |
| Election of 1860 | Southern states vowed to secede if Lincoln was elected, which the did |
| Secede | to leave |
| Jefferson Davis | President of the Confederate States of America |
| Fort Sumter (Charleston, S. C.) | First shots of the Civil War fired here on April 12, 1861; Confederate victory |
| First Battle of Bull Run (Manassas) | First pitched battle of the Civil War; Confederate victory |
| First Battle of Bull Run (Manassas) | Confederate General Thomas Jackson received his nickname. "Stonewall" here |
| Battle of Fredericksburg | In Virginia; Confederate victory |
| Battle of Chancellorsville | In Virginia; Confederate victory; Stonewall Jackson was wounded by his own men and died here |
| Battle of Antietam | In Maryland; first time Confederates invade the North; Union General George McClellan discover Lee's plans but ignored the opportunity to destroy the Confederate forces because of overcautiousness; Lee;s army retreats to Virginia. |
| Battle of Antietam | Bloodiest day of the Civil War |
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marthell
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