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PSYCH100 Definitions
All definitions and terms from psych 100
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Allele | A variation of a gene that can code for a phenotype. |
| Acquisition | In classical conditioning, the time when a CR initially becomes more like the UCR and comes more often and at a greater intensity. |
| Avoidance Conditioning | Type of learning where one learns a behaviour in order to avoid an aversive consequence. |
| Adaptation | The gaining and/or losing of traits based on their survival value. |
| Autonomic Nervous System | Part of the PNS and receives and sends information to the heart and other organs. |
| Axon | Nerve fibre that carries electrical signals AWAY from the cell body and to other neurons that it communicates with |
| Axon Terminal | Part of the neuron that sends information across the synapse. |
| Afferent Neurons | Neurons that carry information TO the brain. |
| Amines | Group of neurotransmitters that includes Dopamine, Acetylcholine, Norepinephrine, Serotonin, and Epinephrine. |
| Amino Acids | Group of neurotransmitters that includes GABA and glutamate. |
| Acetylcholine | Neurotransmitter responsible for motor movement at the point between muscle and nerves. |
| Agonists | Drugs that enhance or mimic the effects of neurotransmitters |
| Anatgonists | Drugs that inhibit the effects of neurotransmitters by blocking the site that neurotransmitters bind to |
| Aphasia | loss of the ability to speak. |
| Amygdala | Part of the limbic system that is responsible or emotions and fear arousal |
| Alpha Activity | Neural activity within 8-12 hertz. |
| Audtion | Hearing; taking in sensory information via the ears |
| Adequate Stimulus | Type of physical stimulus in which a sensory receptor is especially tuned. |
| Amplitude | The height of a sound or light wave. |
| Intensity | The frequency of a wave within a particular length in time |
| Accomodation | Process where the lens changes shape in order for light to be focused when it reaches the back of the eye. (via refraction) |
| Akinotopsia | The inability to see motion AKA motion blindness |
| Auditory Memory | Type of memory for sounds that has JUST been perceived |
| Anterograde Amnesia | Type of disorder caused by brain damage. It's the inability to form NEW long-term memories or memories from the time of damage. |
| Articulators | Structures of the mouth that help make sounds (e.g.jaw tongue). |
| Agreeableness | Personality factor that describes how kind and sympathetic a person is |
| Attachment | Bond between cared and caregiver that spans through time and space |
| Apoptosis | Programmed cell death. Normal process that is needed for the health of an organism |
| Amblyopia | The loss or lack of development in central vision in one eye. It is not health related and cannot be fixed with lenses. |
| Autobiographical Memory | Memories which make up the particular experiences that determine one's life story. Influences our self-concept. |
| Autism Spectrum Disorder | Developmental disorder that results in limited social communication skills. |
| Assimilation | Process where information from the new world is incorporated into existing schemata. |
| A-Not-B | Piaget task that shows preservative error. E.g. a child keeps looking for an object where they last placed it despite seeing it placed elsewhere. |
| Altruism | A motive to help another without conscious regard for oneself |
| Algorithms | Step-by-step procedures |
| Availability heuristic | The habit of estimating how often something occurs based on which examples come to mind. |
| Anchoring | A bias that's made when a starting point is provided for judgement |
| Aschematic | Not a having a schema for a particular situation or problem |
| Affective Forecasting | Predicting how one would feel in an emotional event |
| Attributions | Explanations for a persons behaviour |
| Attitude | A positive, negative, or mixed evaluation of how a person feels about something (e.g. object, person) that they have feel on some level of intensity |
| Attitude Behaviour Specificity Matching Model | Very specific attitudes that can predict a certain behaviour well, but not a wide range of behaviours. |
| Anxiety Disorder | A fear of certain situations or stimuli that are not actually dangerous |
| Assessment | Analysis of a person's life history and current symptoms before sending them off to be diagnosed for a psychological disorder by a mental health professional |
| Antipsychotic drug | Class of drugs used to treat psychosis |
| Anti-depressant drug | Class of drugs used to treat depression |
| Anti-manic drug | Class of drugs used to treat mania and bipolar disorders |
| Anti-Anxiety drug | Class of drugs used to treat anxiety or symptoms of anxiety |
| Aversion Therapy | Pairing an unwanted behaviour with an aversive stimulus. Thereby classically conditioning a person to be disgusted and repelled by doing the behaviour |
| Behaviour | Any observable action. It can also be recorded or measured. |
| Behaviour Genetics | Study of how genetics affect behaviour. |
| Backward Conditioning | When the UCS is presented BEFORE the CS |
| Broca's Aphasia | Learning disorder where a part of the frontal lobe is damaged, disabling the production of speech. |
| Brain Stem | Part of the hind brain that connects the brain to the spinal cord. Essential for life-dependent functions: breathing, heart rate, consciousness. |
| Basal Ganglia | Group of subcortical structures that helps in voluntary movement, and learning and remembering tasks. |
| Brain Plasticity | The ability for a brain to change throughout time. |
| Blindsight | The ability to behaviourally interact with objects while consciously being unaware of them. |
| Brain Death | Irreversible condition where the brain stops functioning |
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meticulous penguin
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