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Eberhard Ch. 14
Eberhard: Ch. 14 A Divided Nation
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What was the land like in the North? | rocky soil, short growing season, no cash crops, many harbors and lumber, fast rivers for water power |
| What was the land like in the South? | fertile soil, warm climate, rivers for transporting farm products |
| What was the economy of the North based on? | shipbuilding, commerce, factories, free labor |
| What was the economy of the South based on? | agriculture, slave labor |
| How did education in the North differ from education in the South? | In the North there was education for all, but in the South, only rich white males got a good education. |
| Compare the population of the North to that of the South. | There was a rapid population increase in the North as immigrants came to work in factories, but population in the South didn't grow much as most people lived on small farms. |
| What were the North's views of Blacks as compared with the South's? | Blacks were free in the North, but were discriminated against. In the South, planters were dependent on slavery. |
| What did the South believe about government? | The South believed in states' rights because they wanted the right to decide for themselves about slavery. |
| What was the Mason Dixon line? | The imaginary line that marked the separation between the slave states and the free states |
| What was sectionalism? | the feeling that the interests of one section of the U.S. was more important than the interests of the country as a whole |
| Who was Harriet Tubman? | Harriet Tubman was an escaped slave who became one of the most successful “conductors” of the Underground Railroad. |
| What was the Underground Railroad? | The Underground Railroad was a chain of homes where escaped slaves could ask for help, find shelter for the night or catch a ride to the next stop. This chain of safe houses ran from the South to Canada where slaves could start a new life. |
| Why was Harriet Tubman called Moses? | Tubman is known as the “Moses” of her people because she led more than 300 slaves out of the South, to freedom. |
| What did the Compromise of 1850 do ? | It made CA a free state and said that the rest of the Mexican Cession would decide whether to be slave or free states. Southerners got a stronger Fugitive Slave Law that required the North to help return runaway slaves. |
| Who was Harriet Beecher Stowe? | the author of Uncle Tom's Cabin, a book that showed the cruelty of slavery. |
| What did the Kansas-Nebraska Act do? | The Kansas-Nebraska Act allowed people in these territories to have “popular sovereignty,” that is, to decide for themselves whether to be a free state or a slave state. |
| What was "Bleeding Kansas?" | the fighting that took place between abolitionists and slave owners as they rushed into Kansas Territory to try to affect the vote. |
| Who was John Brown? | an abolitionist who took part in "Bleeding Kansas" and later led an unsuccessful raid at Harper's Ferry to arm a slave revolt |
| How did John Brown's raid affect Southerners? | John Brown raised great fear among Southerners and further divided the North and the South. |
| Who was Dred Scott? | a slave who went to court to see if he should be freed since his owner took him to free territory. |
| What did the Supreme Court decide about Dred Scott? | Dred Scott was a slave and so had no right to go to court, and that Congress couldn't deny slave owners the right to take their property to free states. |
| In the presidential election of 1860, what did Abraham Lincoln believe about slavery? | He didn't want slavery to expand into the territories. |
| In the presidential election of 1860, what did Stephen Douglas believe about slavery? | He supported the rights of southerners to take their slaves into the territories. |
| Why did the South fear having Abraham Lincoln for President? | Many Southerners mistakenly thought that Lincoln would free the slaves even though he repeatedly said that he would allow slavery in the states that already had it. |
| What was Lincoln determined to do as President? | Lincoln was determined to preserve the Union, that is, to keep the U.S. together as one country. |
| What was the result of Lincoln being elected President in 1860? | Because Lincoln was elected, eleven southern states seceded, or broke away, from the Union. |
| Why did the Southern states say they were seceeding? | They were protecting states' rights. |
| What was the Confederate States of America? | the Southern states that suceeded formed the C.S.A. as a new country. |
| Who was the President of the C.S.A.? | Jefferson Davis |
| Who was Robert E. Lee? | leader of the Army of Northern Virginia, the main army of the C.S.A. |
| What was the official start to the Civil War? | the Battle of Fort Sumter |
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