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PerfectUnion/Constit
More Perfect Union/The Constitution
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| states’ rights | rights and powers held by individual US states rather than by the federal government |
| Congress | common name for legislative branch of government/made up of the Senate and House of Reps. |
| House of Representatives | Part of Congress/states represented according to their population |
| Senate | Part of Congress/ each state represented by two senators |
| Federalism | divide power between federal government and states/10th Amendment in B.O.R. is Federalism because it protects states’ rights. |
| Republicanism | Citizens elect representatives to carry out citizens’ desires |
| Popular Sovereignty | government's right to rule comes from the people. |
| Limited Government | government has only the powers that the Constitution gives it. |
| Articles of Confederation | 1777/ 1st gov’t framework “plan”/very weak/gave states too much power/each state had 1 rep./no federal branches/states have power to tax/consent of 9 states to pass a law |
| Constitutional Convention | 1787/ met in Philadelphia, PA/George Washington presiding officer/ met to address the problems with Articles of Confederation that was replaced by modern U.S. Constitution |
| Magna Carta | 1215/ Limited the power of the King (Constitution limits the power of the government)/ trial by jury |
| U.S. Constitution | “We the People” first words |
| Preamble | Expresses the reasons the Constitution was written |
| English Bill of Rights | Listed individual rights/model for the Bill of Rights in the Constitution |
| Bill of Rights | First 10 amendments to the Constitution |
| Fifteenth Amendment | African-American men right to vote/ election of 1872 will be the first time vote |
| Nineteenth Amendment | Women the right to vote |
| Virginia Plan | “large state” plan that proposed representation based on population size/ two-house legislature/chief executive/ court systems |
| New Jersey Plan | “small state” plan that proposed equal representation among all states. |
| Great Compromise | Roger Sherman/Constitution resulted in two-house legislature (Bicameral) with House of Reps.based on population and Senate maintaining equal representation/ most states accepted this/ how slaves should be counted regarding population and taxation |
| Three-Fifths Compromise | Slave population would be counted when setting direct taxes on the states/count each enslaved person as a fraction of a free person for both taxation and representation. |
| Federalists | Argued for a stronger national government/Articles of Confederation too weak and would cause U.S. to fail/ Federalists for Constitution. |
| Northwest Ordinance | July 13, 1787/Second Continental Congress/procedure for turning territories into states/helped to stop slavery |
| Alexander Hamilton | A leader of Federalists/wrote Federalist Paper #9 in 1787/ first Treasurer of U.S., creator of Bank of the U.S./killed in a duel by Vice Pres. Aaron Burr. |
| Anti-Federalists | Argued to protect states' rights/ against U.S. Constitution/continued to believe we fought Revolutionary War to get away from the tyranny of a strong central government (Britain) / desired individual liberties/wanted Bill of Rights |
| Federalist Papers | Published anonymously during Constitutional Era/ writings showed support to ratify (make official) U.S. Constitution and to focus on need for strong federal government with restricted powers. |
| Separation of Powers | The Constitution divides the government into three branches/ idea to divide the trust between bodies of men who might watch and check each other |
| Checks and Balances | Baron de Montesquieu/each branch of government has the power to check or limit the actions of the other two |
| Legislative Branch | Makes laws (Congress) |
| Executive Branch | Carries out/ applies laws |
| Judicial Branch | Explains and interprets the laws/ Judicial review |
| Shays’ Rebellion | Protestors led by merchant and farmer/upset they couldn’t pay their debts and land taken by state/showed weakness of Articles of Confederation |
| First Amendment Constitution | R.A.P.P.S Right to religion, assembly, petition, press, speech |
| Second Amendment | Right to bear arms |
| Third Amendment | No housing of soldiers |
| Fourth Amendment | Search and seizure/ must have a warrant |
| Fifth Amendment | Cannot be charged for the same crime twice, due process = fair and equal treatment under the law |
| Sixth Amendment | Right to a fair and speedy trial/ right to a lawyer |
| Seventh Amendment | Right to a trial in civil cases |
| Eighth Amendment | No cruel or unusual punishment |
| Ninth Amendment | Rights described in the Constitution are not the only ones allowed/ people still have rights that are not listed. |
| Tenth Amendment | Powers not specifically given to the United States government in the Constitution, may go to either the states or to the people/ conflicting interpretations of this amendment will lead to Nullification Crisis |
Created by:
pdelam4
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