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Industrial Rev
vocabulary
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Industrial Revolution | Series of innovations in agriculture and industry that led to dramatic economic and social changes in Europe and the US |
| Conditions needed for industrial Revolution to occur | Science, incentive, and money to build machines, Labor force, Raw materials, markets and efficient farms to feed the people |
| Enclosure movement | Rich landowners fenced off common land used by peasant farmers |
| Effects of enclosure | More efficient farms, greater food production, more profits since fewer workers needed, jobless farmers moved to cities for work |
| Causes of population growth | fewer die from famine, eat better so are healthier, better hygiene and sanitation improved medical care |
| Earliest factories rely on water | had to be located by rivers |
| Energy Revolution | coal becomes vital power source (coal mining=dangerous; black lung) |
| Capital | money used to invest in an enterprise |
| Enterprise | business organization such as shipping, mining, RR, or factories |
| Entrepreneur | manages and assumed financial risks of starting new business |
| Interdependence | mutual dependence of countries on goods, resources, labor and knowledge from other parts of the world |
| interchangeable parts | identical components that can be used in place of on another in manufacturing |
| smelt | process of separating iron from its ore |
| Laissez faire | Hands off by government |
| Free Market | some government involvement |
| Socialism | Some government involvement, ownership of Big Business, some private, Government provides healthcare, childcare, senior citizen care and unemployment pay |
| Urbanization | movement of people to cities |
| tenements | multistory buildings divided into apartments, crowed, unsanitary, poor conditions for industrial working class |
| labor unions | workers organization, (not legal at the time, some met in secret unions |
| Utilitarianism | idea that the goal of society should be "the greatest happiness for the greatest number" of citizens |
| Command Economy | system in which government officials make all basic economic decisions |
| Communism | Total government control (Karl Marx) |
| Globalization | the process by which national economies, politics, cultures, and societies become integrated with those of other nations around world |
Created by:
mccormickj
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