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History 7 Ch 2
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Native Americans | Enslaved by the Spanish and forced to work in gold and silver mines; disease killed them in great numbers |
| Peninsulares | Spanish colonists who were born in Spain; held most of the colonial government positions |
| Leif Erikson | Viking explorer and 1st European to reach the Americas; sailed from Greenland to New Foundland |
| Christopher Columbus | Sailed west on the Nina, Pinta, Santa Maria; believed he had reached the Indies; made 4 voyages to the New World |
| Amerigo Vespucci | First to realize that Columbus had not reached Asia but instead had discovered a New World |
| Ferdinand Magellan | His expedition was the 1st to circumnavigate the globe, sailed through the strait of Magellan rounding South America, taught Europeans about the true size of the Earth |
| The Columbian Exchange | transfer of goods, people, and ideas between the Eastern and Western hemispheres |
| Hernando Cortes | Captured the Aztec ruler Montezuma and claimed the lands for Spain, later defeats the Aztecs |
| Francisco Pizarro | captured and later executed the Incan ruler and conquered the Incas, technology and horses help the Spanish defeat both groups |
| Juan Ponce de Leon | Named and explored Florida looking for the fountain of Youth, became the 1st Spaniard to set foot in America |
| Francisco Coronado | explored much of the southwestern US looking for cities of gold |
| Mercantilism | developed to make European nations wealthy and powerful by exploiting its colonies |
| Spanish Armada | Fleet of warships defeated by the English, allowed England and France to start colonies in the Americas |
| Henry Hudson and John Cabot | Both explorers looking for a northwest passage, both disappeared in the Americas |
| French Trade | French traded with the Native Americans for animal skins and fur |
| La Salle | Explored the Mississippi and claimed it for France naming it Louisiana |
| Fort Orange | Dutch fur trading post later named Albany |
| Vasco Nunez de Balboa | Crossed Panama and becomes the 1st European to see the Pacific |
| Encomienda | granted labor and taxes from Native Americans to Spanish colonists |
| Northwest Passage | all water route through or around North America; led to many land claims in the New World |
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