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Public Policy 1-3

Govt Issues-Public Policy, Chapters 1-3

TermDefinition
Classical Liberalism political ideology that values the freedom of individuals — including the freedom of religion, speech, press, assembly, and markets — limited government. 18th-century Europe and economic writings of Adam Smith and the growing notion of social progress.
Communitarianism theory or system of social organization based on small self-governing communities. An ideology that emphasizes the responsibility of the individual to the community and the social importance of the family unit.
Economic Theory theory that an increasing consumption of goods is economically beneficial. Keynesianism. John Maynard Keynes who advocated government monetary and fiscal programs intended to stimulate business activity and increase employment.
General Will Jean Rousseau wrote this set of principles which are important to all citizens in a society, in order to reach the "common-good" or "common-interest".
Modern Liberalism characterized by social liberalism, and combines ideas of civil liberty and equality with support for social justice and a mixed economy. Gov't is expansive and policy intends to identify and limits any forms of inequality.
Negative Freedom Freedom from excessive government and other interferences in the lives of individual citizens. External restraint and contrasts with positive liberty (the possession of the power and resources to fulfil one's own potential).
Liberalism A government of, for, and by the people, based in a social contract. People cede some freedom in order to gain the benefits of government. Goal= protect the life, liberty, and personal property of citizens.
Positive Freedom Opposed to Negative Freedom, positive freedom assumes that rights are created and protected under the social contract. The possession of the capacity to act upon one's free will
Public Policy What government ought or not ought to do, and does or does not do.
Scope of Government How big or small we want government to be and how much we want to pay for collective and individual benefits that government may provide.
Social Contract Voluntary agreement among individuals by which, according to any of various theories, as of Hobbes, Locke, or Rousseau, organized society is brought into being and invested with the right to secure mutual protection and welfare or to regulate the relation
Elite Theory Small group of powerful actors which conrol the political process and policy choices while the majority of citizens remain passive, often ill-informed, restraining minimal authority.
Game Theory In political-science, this approach describes, explains, and predicts, the strategic behavoir of actors attempting to maximize their benefit and minimize their loss.
Incrementalism Belief in or advocacy of change by degrees; gradualism. Public policy model that uses successie limited comparissions over time to determine both policy goals and expected and actual outcomes.
Old Institutionalism Theoretical aproach argues that institutional functions, roles, structures, and processes are choices and outcomes.
New Instiutionalism Incorporates principles of game theory and public choice,concluding insitutional considerations combined with individual institutional members opinions, beliefs, values, preferences, and related characteristics explain choices and outcomes.
Policy Science Social science dealing with the making of high-level policy (as in a government or business)The use of reliable, valid, and universally understood (logical and rational) techniques for developing publi policy.
Public Choice "The use of economic tools to deal with traditional problems of political science". Its content includes the study of political behavior.
Scientific Theory Based on a body of facts that have been repeatedly confirmed through observation and experiment.
Systems Theory Study of political and policy related behavoir/ phenomena. It's basic elements are: political environment , input, political system, decisions or policy outputs, and feedback.
Cohort Effects Used to describe the impact and general nature of the times on a group of citizens from the same generations. Impacts may be in the form of socialization experiences, as wekk as kevel and type of political participation. EX: Baby Boomers.
Corporatism The control of a state or organization by large interest groups.
Family Social Capital The nature of family intergenerational value exchange and continuity.
Materialist An individual who views personal and political choice primarily from his or her interest in individual economic benefits.
Political Socialization Experiences that shape or contribute to the development of an individual's political values, opinions, beliefs, and in turn influence his or her political behavoirs.
Regime Values Ethics for Bureaucrats: A Essay on Law and Values. John A. Rohr. Regime Values. Values of that political entity that was brought into being by the ratification of the Constitution that created the present American republic
Social Capital Networks of relationships among people who live and work in a particular society, enabling that society to function effectively. Community networks within society. Generational connectedness.
Techincal Information Quandary The increasingly detailed and technical language of policy making in a highly technological policy atmosphere, and the potentially negative impact on the ability of citizens to participate in a democratic policy-making environment.
Technocracy The government or control of society or industry by an elite of technical experts. An elite of technical experts.
Third Way Politics Centrist politics that uses both government and market based solutions to solve policy problems.
Values Schuman, "a normative standard of the desirable, functioning as an operational force in human behavoir."
Created by: botanicali
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