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Gov't Voc. Ch. 3
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| articles | division |
| jurisdiction | authority |
| supremacy clause | article Vl says that the constitution, laws passed by congress, and treaties of the US should be viewed as "the supreme law of the land" |
| popular sovereignty | rule by the people |
| federalism | power is divided between national and state governments |
| separation of powers | each branch has its own responsibilities, a system that the founders hoped would prevent any branch from gaining too much power |
| checks and balances | each branch of the government exercises some control over the others. |
| vetoing | rejecting |
| judicial review | the power of the courts to declare laws and actions of local , state, or national governments invalid if they violate the constitution |
| expressed powers | powers directly stated in the constitution |
| enumerated powers | powers in the constitution that are numbered |
| elastic clause | the final enumerated clause that gives Congress the power to to make all laws "necessary and proper" to carry out the powers expressed in the other clauses of article 1 |
| federal bureaucracy | group made up of all executive branch employees |
| ratify | approved |
| petition | appeal |
| balanced budget | one in which the federal government's spending never exceeds its income |
| impeach | accuse |
| treaty | agreement between nations |
| executive agreement | an agreement made between the president and the head of state of another country |
| judicial restraint | holds that the court should avoid taking the initiative on social and political questions |
| judicial activism | holds that the court should play a role in shaping national policies |
| prior restraint | government censorship of information before it is published or broadcast |
| probable clause | the police must have a reasonable basis to believe the person or premises is linked to a crime |
| search warrant | a legal document authorizing a police officer or other official to enter and search the premises for specific items |
| arrest warrant | a court order signed by a judge that names an individual to be arrested for a specific crime |
| eminent domain | the power of government to take private property for public use such as to build a highway, a dam, or a park |
| due process of law | the government must follow proper constitutional procedures in trials and in other actions it takes against individuals |
| lame ducks | inactive officials that had little influence and accomplished little |
| poll taxes | taxes paid in order to vote |
| amendment | changes |
Created by:
christian.harris
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