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Biochem2 - PCC
Intro to the cell and biochem
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Describes how the human system works and how to improve it's function | Biochemistry |
| Provides organizing principles that underlie life | Biochemistry |
| How many milligrams per day of macro elements does our body need? | more than 100 |
| How many milligrams per day of micro elements does our body need? | Under 100 |
| How many milligrams of trace elements does our body need per day? | Under 1 |
| Define kcal | The amount of heat needed to raise the temperature of 1 kg of water by 1 degree C |
| Is Cal and kcal the same? | Yes |
| Out of cal, Cal and kcal, which is one nutrition labels | Cal or kcal |
| How much energy do we get through the oxidation of proteins? | 4 kcal per gram |
| How much energy do we get through the oxidation of carbohydrates? | 4 kcal per gram |
| How much energy do we get through the oxidation of lipids? | 9 kcal per gram |
| True or False: water is the most abundant substance in the living system? | True |
| Name 5 functions of water | 1. Solvent 2. Regulates body temp 3. Transport of nutrients and waste 4. reactant or product in reaction 5. Reaction medium |
| True or False: water has a low efficient of thermal expansion? | True, it won't disturb cells with change of temp |
| True or False: Water is not amphoteric | False, water can act as an acid or base |
| True or False: Water has a slight tendency to ionize? | True |
| What is the physiological pH | 7.4 |
| Plasma membrane | Surrounds the cell |
| Function of plasma membrane | Provides protection, nourishment and waste removal |
| Other word for cytoplasm | Cystosol |
| Functioning for cytoplasm | Important for signaling between organelles |
| Metabolic pathways that occur in cytoplasm of cell | 1. Glycolysis 2. Pentose phosphate pathway 3. Glycogenesis and glycogenolysis 4. Fatty acid synthesis |
| Nucleus | Contains DNA |
| Nucleoplasm | Contains all enzymes and minerals necessary for nucleus to function |
| Mitochondria | Powerhouse of the cell. This is where oxygen is used in the cell and most of the metabolic energy is produced through electron transport chain |
| Which cells DO NOT contain mitochondria | Erythrocytes |
| Rough ER | Studded with ribosomes, protein synthesis |
| Smooth ER | Lipid synthesis; more SER found in cells responsible for making hormones and liver cells |
| Golgi complex | "sorting machine" Responsible for sorting newly synthesized |
| Cis Side of Golgi Complex | Greets the proteins |
| Trans Side of Golgi Complex | Sorts the proteins |
| Post translational modifications | Adding sulfate, carbohydrates or lipid structures to proteins |
| Lysosome | The digestive system of the cell. Important for digesting old or injured organelles, regulating calcium and phosphorus homeostasis |
| Peroxisome | Digestive system of the cell. Contains oxidative enzymes. |
| Catalase | Enzymes used to break down hydrogen peroxide formed from, the oxidation reactions to water and oxygen. |
| Marcoelements | Oxygen, Carbon, Hydrogen, Nitrogen, Calcium, phosphorus, Sulfur, Potassium, Chlorine, Sodium, Magnesium |
| Microelements | Iron, Zinc, Copper, Selenium, Chromium, Iodine, Manganese, Flurine |
| Ultra Trace Elements | Arsenic, Boron, Nickel, Silicon |
Created by:
LrB
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