Help
Options
Didn't know it?
click below
click below
Knew it?
click below
click below
Don't Know
Remaining cards (0)
Know
retry
shuffle
restart
0:00
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Biochemistry
Chapter 2 and 3
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Matter | Is anything that occupies space and has mass |
| Mass | Is the quantity of matter an object has |
| Element | Is a substance that cannot be broken down chemically into simpler kinds of matter |
| Atom | Is the simplest particle of an element that retains all of the properties of that element |
| Nucleus | Is the central unit that makes up the bulk of the mass of the atom |
| Proton | Is a kind of subatomic particles |
| Atomic Number | Is the number of protons in an atom |
| Mass Number | Is equal to the total number of protons and neutrons of the atom |
| Electrons | Are negatively charged particles |
| Orbital | Is a three-dimensional region around a nucleus that indicates the probable location of an electron |
| Isotopes | Atoms of the same element that have a different number of neutrons |
| Compounds | Are made up of atoms of two or more elements in fixed proportions |
| Chemical Bonds | Are the attractive forces that hold atoms together |
| Covalent Bond | Forms when two atoms share one or more pairs of electrons |
| Molecule | Is the simplest part of substance that retains all of the properties of that substance and can exist in a free state |
| Ion | An atom or molecule with an electric charge |
| Ionic Bond | Is the attraction of the sodium ion and the chloride ion attract each other |
| Energy | Is the ability to do work |
| Chemical Reaction | One or more substances change to produce one or more different substances |
| Reactant | a substance that participates in a chemical reaction |
| products | are shown on the right side |
| Metabolism | the term used to describe all of the chemical reactions that occur in an organism |
| Activation energy | the amount of energy needed to start the reaction |
| Catalysts | reduce the amount of activation energy that is needed for a reaction to take place |
| Enzyme | is a protein or RNA molecule that speeds up metabolic reactions without being permanently changed or destroyed |
| Redox reactions | a oxidation-reduction reaction electron |
| Oxidation | a oxidation-reduction reaction electron |
| Reaction | looses one or more electron making it mostly positive in charge |
| Reduction Reaction | a reactant gains one or more electrons, thus becoming more negative in charge |
| Polar | uneven distribution of charge |
| Hydrogen Bond | the intermolecular force occurring when a hydrogen atom that is bonded to a highly electronegative atom of one molecule is attracted to two unshared electrons of another molecule |
| Cohesion | the force that holds molecules of a single material together |
| Adhesion | the attractive force between two bodies of different substances that are in contact with each other |
| capillary | the attraction between molecules that results in the rise of a liquid in small tubes |
| Solution | a homogeneous mixture throughout which two or more substances are uniformly dispersed |
| Solute | in a solution, the substance that dissolves in the solvent |
| solvent | in a solution, the substance in which the solute dissolves |
| concentration | the amount of a particular substance in a given quantity of a mixture, solution, or ore |
| Saturated solution | a solution that cannot dissolve any more solute under the given conditions |
| aqueous solution | a solution in which water is the solvent |
| hydroxide ion | the OH- ion |
| hydronium ion | an ion consisting of a proton combined with a molecule of water; H3O+ |
| acid | any compound that increases the number of hydronium ions when dissolved in water; acids turn blue litmus paper red and react with bases and some metals to form salts |
| base | any compound that increases the number of hydroxide ions when dissolved in water; bases turn red litmus paper blue and react with acids to form salts |
| pH scale | a range of values that are used to express the acidity or alkalinity (basicity) of a system; each whole number on the scale indicates a tenfold change in acidity |
| buffer | a solution made from a weak acid and its conjugate base that neutralizes small amounts of acids or bases added to it |
| organic proton | a covalently bonded compound that contains carbon, excluding carbonates and oxides |
| functional group | the portion of a molecule that is active in a chemical reaction and that determines the properties of many organic compounds |
| monomer | a simple molecule that can combine with other like or unlike molecules to make a polymer |
| polymer | a large molecule that is formed by more than five monomers, or small units |
| macromolecule | a very large organic molecule, usually a polymer, composed of hundreds or thousands of atoms |
| condension reaction | a chemical reaction in which two or more molecules combine to produce water or another simple molecule |
| hydrolysis | a chemical reaction between water and another substance to form two or more new substances; a reaction between water and a salt to create an acid or a base |
| ATP | adenosine triphosphate, an organic molecule that acts as the main energy source for cell processes; composed of a nitrogenous base, a sugar, and three phosphate groups |
| carbohydrate | a class of molecules that includes sugars, starches, and fiber; contains carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen |
| monosaccharide | a simple sugar that is the basic subunit of a carbohydrate |
| disaccharide | a sugar formed from two monosaccharides |
| polysaccharide | one of the carbohydrates made up of long chains of simple sugars; polysaccharides include starch, cellulose, and glycogen |
| protein | an organic compound that is made of one or more chains of amino acids and that is a principal component of all cells |
| amino acid | a compound of a class of simple organic compounds that contain a carboxyl group and an amino group and that combine to form proteins |
| peptide bond | the chemical bond that forms between the carboxyl group of one amino acid and the amino group of another amino acid |
| polypeptide | a long chain of several amino acids |
| enzyme | a molecule, either protein or RNA, that acts as a catalyst in biochemical reactions |
| substrate | a part, substance, or element that lies beneath and supports another part, substance, or element; the reactant in reactions catalyzed by enzymes |
| active site | on an enzyme, the site that attaches to a substrate |
| lipid | a fat molecule or a molecule that has similar properties; examples include oils, waxes, and steroids |
| fatty acid | an organic acid that is contained in lipids, such as fats or oils |
| triglyceride | a lipid made of three fatty acid molecules and one glycerol molecule |
| phospholipid | a lipid that contains phosphorus and that is a structural component in cell membranes |
| wax | a type of structural lipid consisting of a long fatty-acid chain that is joined to a long alcohol chain |
| steroid | a type of lipid that consists of four carbon rings to which various functional groups are attached and that usually has a physiological action |
| nucleic acid | an organic compound, either RNA or DNA, whose molecules are made up of one or two chains of nucleotides and carry genetic information |
| DNA | deoxyribonucleic acid, the material that contains the information that determines inherited characteristics |
| RNA | ribonucleic acid, a natural polymer that is present in all living cells and that plays a role in protein synthesis |
| nucleotide | in a nucleic-acid chain, a subunit that consists of a sugar, a phosphate, and a nitrogenous base |
Created by:
Andrew_Eith
Popular Biochemistry sets