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AP Human Geography
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Cartography | The science of using maps. |
| Concentration | The spread of something over a given area. |
| Connection | The relationships among people and objects across the barrier of space. |
| Contagious diffusion | The rapid, widespread diffusion of a feature or trend throughout a population. |
| Cultural landscape | An approach to geography that emphasizes the relationships among social and physical phenomena in a particular study area. |
| Culture | The body of customary beliefs, social reforms, and material traits that together constitute a group’s distinct tradition. |
| Density | The frequency with which something exists within a given unit of area. |
| Diffusion | The process of spread of a feature or trend from one place to another over time. |
| Distance decay | The diminished importance and eventual disappearance of a phenomenon with increasing distance from an origin. |
| Distribution | The arrangement of something across Earth’s surface. |
| Expansion diffusion | the spread of a feature or trend among people from one area to another in an additive process. |
| Formal region (or uniform region) | an area in which everyone shares in common one or more distinctive characteristics |
| Functional region (or nodal region) | an area organized around a node or a focal point |
| Geographic information science (GIScience) | the development and analysis of data about Earth acquired by satellite and other electronic information technologies. |
| Geographic information system (GIS) | a computer system that stores, analyzes, organizes, and displays geographic data. |
| Global Positioning System (GPS) | a system that determines the precise position of something on Earth through a series of satellites, tracking stations, and receivers. |
| Globalization | Actions or processes that involve the entire world and result in making something worldwide in scope. |
| Greenwich Mean Time (GMT) | the time in the zone encompassing the prime meridian, or 0 degrees longitude |
| Hearth | the region from which innovative ideas originate |
| Hierarchical diffusion | the spread of a feature or trend from one key person or node of authority or power to other persons or places. |
| International Date Line | An arc that for the most part follows 180 degrees longitude, although it deviates in several places to avoid dividing land areas. |
| Location | The position of anything on Earth’s surface. |
| Map | A two-dimensional, or flat, representation of Earth’s surface or a portion of it. |
| Map scale | The relationship between the size of an object on a map and the size of the actual feature on Earth’s surface. |
| Mental map | A representation of a portion of Earth’s surface based on what an individual knows about a place that contains personal impressions of what is in the place and where the place is located. |
| Meridian | An arc drawn on a map between the north and south poles |
| Parallel | a circle drawn around the globe parallel to the equator and at right angles to the meridians |
| Pattern | the geometric or regular arrangement of something in a particular area |
| Place | a specific place on Earth, distinguished by a particular characteristic |
| Projection | A system used to transfer locations form Earth’s surface to a flat map. |
| Region | an area distinguished by a unique combination of trends or features |
| Relocation diffusion | the spread of a feature or trend through bodily movement of people from one place to another |
| Remote sensing | the acquisition of data about Earth’s surface from a satellite orbiting the planet or from other long distance methods. |
| Scale | Generally, the relationship the portion of Earth being studied and the Earth as a whole |
| Site | the physical character of a place. |
| Situation | The location of a place relative to another place. |
| Space | the physical gap or interval between two objects |
| Space–time compression | The reduction in the time it takes to diffuse something to a distant place as a result of improved communications and transportation systems |
| Spatial association | the relationship between the distribution of one feature and the distribution of another feature |
| Stimulus diffusion | the spread of underlying principle even though a specific characteristic is rejected. |
| Toponym | The name given to a portion of Earth’s surface |
| Vernacular region (or perceptual region) | An area that people believe exists as part of their cultural identity. |
| Human-Environmental Interaction | how people interact with the environment |
| Movement | the mobility of people, goods, and ideas - the patterns and changes in human spatial accessibility and connectivity of places |
| Physical Geography | Topography, climate(Koppen), Flora and Fuana, and Soil |
| Human Geography | Culture, Population, economic, political, urban, and agriculture |
| Contemporary Mapping | The shift from simply a tool that provides location reference to a tool used by geographers to communicate complex geographic phenomena |
| Mercator Projection | a true con-formal cylindrical map projection. particularly useful for navigation since it maintains accurate direction. distortion makes landmasses at/near the poles oversized |
| North- Polar Projection | a map projection in which the plane is the most developable surface |
| Isoline Map | Use of lines of equal value to represent data like elevation, barometric pressure or temperature |
| Choropleth Map | a thematic map in which a variable is depicted with shading patterns or colors |
| Graduated Symbol Map | a thematic map in which the size of the symbol varies in proportion to the intensity of the mapped variable |
| Dot Map | a thematic map in which a dot represents some frequency of the mapped variable |
| Cartogram | a thematic map using relative size of political units to convey a value |
| Agricultural Density | the number of people per square unit of land |
| Population Density (Arithmetic): | the number of things per square unit of distance |
| Physiological Density: | the number of people per square unit of arable land |
| Spatial Distribution | the way something is arranged across Earth's surface |
| Spatial Interaction | The farther away someone is from you, the less likely you are to interact |
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Mufctommy
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