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L29 - Protein Synth
USCSOM: Biochemistry: L29 Protein Synthesis I
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What enzyme joins amino acids to the correct tRNA? | aminoacyl-tRNA-synthetases |
| What end of the tRNA does the amino acid join to? 3' or 5' | 3' |
| What kind of linkage joins the amino acid to the tRNA molecule? | ester |
| What stop codon can sometimes specify seleno cysteine? | UGA |
| What AA is sometimes called the 21st AA? | selenocysteine |
| What special sequence requires a stem-loop forming sequence downstream of a UGA codon? | Selenocysteine Insertion Sequence |
| What is the number of small subunits for higher level organisms? | 40S |
| What is the first codon used in most protein synthesis? | AUG |
| What AA does AUG code for? | Met |
| What is eIF2? Function? | eukaryotic initiation factor 2; binds tRNAiMet to small subunit |
| What is the "Kozak" consesus? | PuPyPyAUGG; favorable start codon |
| What does eIF4 do? | caps the 5' end |
| What is the Shine-Dalgarno sequence? | upstream sequence to a start codon that can base pair to 3' end of 16S RNA |
| What is the P-site? | peptide chain bound to the last tRNA |
| WHat is the A-Site? | aminoacyl-tRNA |
| What two things are required for binding an incoming charged tRNA? | hydrolysis of GTP and elongation factors |
| What is peptide bond formation catalyzed by? | 28S rRNA |
| What two things are required for the A-site to move to the P-site? | GTP hydrolysis and EF2 |
| How does the peptide chain terminate in the P-site? | stop codons, special release factors bind |
| From what end to what end is the mRNA read? | 5' to 3' |
| From what end to what end is the protein synthesized? | from amino to carboxyl end |
| Peptidyl transferase reside on what rRNA? | 28S |
| What is the term for multiple ribosomes working on a single mRNA? | polysomes |
| What are the 2 times of chaperones? | Hsp 60 and Hsp 70 |
| What are function of Hsp 70's? | BiP - major ER chaperone |
| What is another name of Hsp 60? | chaperonins; in mitochondrial matrix; example is GroEL |
| What is the chaperone mechanism? | bind and release hydrophobic regions until all are buried inside of the protein |
| What inhibits pro and eukaryote protein synthesis? | puromycin |
| What inhibits peptidyl transferase in eukaryotes? | cycloheximidine |
| What inihbits protein synthesis initiation and causes misreading in prokaryotes? | Streptomycin |
| What inhibits binding of tRNA to 30s subunit? | tetracycline |
| What inhibits peptidyl transferase in 50s subunits in prokaryotes? | chloramphenicol |
| What binds to 50s subunits and inhibits translocation in prokaryotes? | erythromycin |
Created by:
jlellerm
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