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SOCIALS 11
more like kill me
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Democracy | A system of government in which people freely choose in elections who will govern them; principles and ideals of such a government, including free speech and the rule of law |
| Direct democracy | A system in which citizens vote directly on every issue |
| Representative democracy | A system in which citizens elect a politician in which then make decisions for them |
| Civil servant | Someone who works for a government department |
| Pressure group (interest groups) | Organized groups of individuals with common interests and concerns who attempt to pressure political decision makers |
| Lobbyist | A person hired to represent the interests of pressure groups by influencing policy decision makers in the group's favour |
| Bureaucrats | Government officials and administrators |
| Public service | The government administration |
| Brand recognition | Awareness by the general public of characteristics associated with a particular product, business or person (in the case of politics) |
| Spin doctors | People who publicize, in a positive way, the words and actions of politicians |
| Civil disobedience | The act of internationally breaking the law while protesting against the laws one considers unjust |
| Apartheid | An official policy of racial segregation involving political, legal, and economic discrimmination against non-whites |
| Ideology | Political and social principles or beliefs |
| Socialism | A political and economic system in which the means of production and distribution in a country are publically owned and controlled for the benefit of all members of society |
| Liberalism | A political philosophy supporting individual freedoms and governmental protection of civil liberties |
| Conservatism | A political philosophy supporting traditional values and institutions and opposing sudden change |
| Fiscal | Pertaining to money issues |
| Totalitarian | A form of government that uses intimidation, violence, and propaganda to rule aspects of social and political life of it's citizens |
| Bourgeoisie | The ruling of middle class |
| Proletariat | The workers of the lower class |
| Authoritarian | A form of government in which one individual or small group holds all the power and directs the lives of citizens |
| Communism | A social and economic ideology that property, productions, and distribution of goods and services should be owned by the public, and that the labour force should be organized for the benefit of all members of society |
| Fascism | An authotarian system of government that excercies complete power, suppresses opposition, often through the use of force, and encourages nationalism and racism |
| Political spectrum | A linear visual used to illustrate political ideologies from left to right |
| Quebec sovereignety | A movement advocating that Quebec separate from the rest of Canada and become a country of its own |
| Libertarianism | A political ideology that supports maximum individual freddom and minimal government involvement in the lives of it's citizens |
| Party platform | A list of priorities and a plan for governing published by a political party |
| Non-governmental organizations (NGO) | Local, national, or international groups that work independently of governments on issues such as health, human rights, or the environment |
| Patronage | A favour, often a government position, given in return for political support |
| Populism | A political movement that advocates the interests of ordinary people |
| Elite | A group of people who hold power |
| Polarize | To go in opposite directions |
| Partisan | Loyal to a party or cause |
| Senate | The second legislative body in parliament consisting of appointed members whose role is to give "sober second thought" towards the passing of bills |
| Cabinet | The group of ministers who decide government policy; members are chosen by the prime minister; each minister has a responsibility for a particular department |
| House of commons | The first legislative body of parliament whose members are elected |
| Ad valorem tax | A tax that is proportional to the value of goods |
| Excise tax | An added tax on certain goods produced or sold in the country; for example, alcohol, gas, tobacco |
| Surplus | The amount of money remaining when a government takes in more than it spends |
| Deficit | The amount of money a government owes when it takes in less money than it spends |
| Office of the prime minister (PMO) | The prime minister's political advisors and staff |
| Privy council office (PCO) | The office that organizes the work of the cabinet |
| Cabinet solidarity | The custom that cabinet members must not show disagreement with government policies |
| Order-in-council | An order signed by the governor general (or the lieutenant-governor in the provinces) on the advice of the prime minister (or the premier in provinces) and cabinet; allows laws and regulations to be passed without a parliamentary vote |
| Free vote | Members voting according to their own conscience |
| Royal assent | The final stage a bill must complete before it is passed into law, in which the governor-general (or the lieutenant-governor in the provinces) signs or grants approval for the bill |
| Lieutenant-governor | The provincial representative of the crown appointed by the governor-general |
| Party whip | A member of the legislature assigned with the specific role of ensuring all members of his or her party are present in the legislature to support party interests |
| Party discipline | All party members voting the same way, as one voice |
| Back benches | Members of a legislature who are not cabinet members, party leaders, or opposition critics |
| Private members bill | A bill introduced into the legislature by a member of the legislature who is not a member of the cabinet |
| Majority government | A government in which the ruling party has more than half the total number of seats in the legislature |
| Minority government | A government in which the ruling party has half the total number of seats in the legislature |
| Status quo | The existing order of things |
| Coalition | A formal alliance of political parties |
| Proroguing parliament | To suspend parliament for a period of time upon the prime ministers request to the governor-general |
| Dissolving parliament | To call an end to a sitting of parliament at the request of the prime minister (or premier); followed by a general election; can be caused by a vote of non-confidence or when prime ministers wishes to call an election |
| Consituent | A voter in a riding |
| Riding (electoral distrcit, consituency) | A region where a party representative runs; 100,000 people on average in a riding; 308 ridings in Canada |
| Referendum | A direct vote in which everyone is either asked to either accept or reject a proposal |
| Chief electoral officer | An independent officer of parliament responsible for federal elections |
| Voter apathy | Reluctance or lack of interest in voting |
| Nomination | Choosing a candidate to run for office |
| Enumeration | Process of compiling voters |
| Balloting | Voting |
| Tabulating | Counting votes |
| Pollsters | People who conduct public opinion polls |
| Polling stations | Locations where citizens in a riding vote |
| Advance polls | Locations where people can vote in advance of election day |
| Voters list | A list of people eligible to vote |
| Electoral officers | -elections canada- Officials who count the votes |
| By-election | An election held in a riding to fill a vacancy |
| First-past-the-post (FPTP) | An electoral system in which the candidate who has more votes than any other wins |
| Single-transferrable-vote (STV) | An electoral system in which parties gain seats by the proportion of votes won in large electoral districts |
| Bicameral | (2) Two branches of chambers |
| Unicameral | One legislative chamber |
| Constitutional monarchy | A country that has a monarch as the head of state |
| Political spectrum and ideologies | I---radical------liberal-----conservative---I |
| Royalists | Wanted to keep monarchy |
| Grandists | (wanted to follow england) wanted the king as a figurehead, and make him follow the constitution; the king would serve parliament |
| Jacobin | wanted to get rid of the king |
| mountin | really wanted to get rid of the king |
| left wing thinking | - believes that societies' main goal is to become more equal: wealth distribution - believes in more taxation - believes in social services: education, welfare, health care - believes in pro-government |
| right wing thinking | - believes that societies' main goal is freedom: fewer laws - believes in less taxation - wants more "self made": people earning their own worth - believe that welfare state= laziness - less government |
| Voltaire | created the idea of "freedom of speech" |
| Montesquieu | a political philosopher and created the foudnations of the canadian government: checks and balances= a system wwhere the governments have checks and are balanced; which led to the three branches of government |
| legislature | - make laws (legislations) - 2 houses (bicameral) > upper: the senate > lower: house of commons |
| executive | -enforce laws -prime minister > cabinet |
| judicial | - interpret the law - courts >supreme >federal >provincial |
| three principle disobediences | 1. should not involve violence 2. should be directed against laws that are seriously harmful 3. requires taking responsibility for one's actions; willingness to fail punishment shows the strength of one's beliefs |
| purpose of government | - to spend our money... - to organize societ for common action so that the needs of every individual can be met |
| Gov. economic needs | - food - shelter - employment - trade |
| Gov. social needs | - health care - welfare - education |
| Gov. legal needs | - law and order - national defence |
| freedom beliefs | belief that the rights of each individual in society are primary purpose |
| euqality beliefs | belief that individuals in society should be treated in the same way |
| political ideologies "Spectrum" | (left wing) communism ----- socialism --- liberalism --- (centre) -----conservatism ----- fascism (right wing) |
| socialism | gov. should control major parts of the economy & major industries |
| totalitarian | - total control - governments are authoritarian - opposed to democracy - control every aspect |
| communism | - government support a classless society and maintain their power through propaganda, secret police, and government control |
| fascism | - about the importance of state and the responsibility of those who serve it - governments emphasize nationalism and militarism |
| political parties | - dervie from their beliefs from basic ideologies - federal and provincial parties have the same name |
| Parties in Canada | -liberal - conservative - NDP - bloc quebecois - green party |
| parties in BC | - NDP - liberal - green - conservative |
| the rule of law | - everyone is subject to the law - no one is above the law - courts maintain rule of law - judges of the court are independent of the political process |
| common law | judgements based on previous decision or precendents |
| statute law | laws passed by federal, provincial, or local levels of government |
| civil code system | used in quebec only; originated in france |
| law in canada (2): criminal law | - federal responsibility - same throughout canada - violation of criminal law is an offence to the state |
| law in canada (2): civil law | - responsibility is shared between the levels of government - concerns itself with property and civil rights - deals with matters relating to the individual - quebec has its own - civil code |
| public law | deals with matters between the government and the citizen |
| private law | concerns disputes with the individuals |
| what is a session? | a session is a meeting or series of connected meetings devoted to a single order of business, program, or agenda |
Created by:
jessjeanarnold
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