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Stalin
4.3 - Collectivisation: the theory, the process and the results.
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What was the theory behind collectivisation? | Simple - large farms would be more productive than small plots of land. |
| What were the large farms called? | Collectives. |
| Why would collectives be more productive than small plots of land? | They could use machinery such as tractors and combine harvesters. |
| What was Stalin aware of when he started collectivisation? | That not many of the peasants were actually Communist Party members and was not sure if he could rely on their loyalty. |
| When did the process of collectivisation begin? | 1929 |
| What happened when the process of collectivisation began in 1929? | Twenty-five million peasant farms were to be combined to form 240,000 collective farms (called kolkhoz). |
| What were the collective farms called? | Kolkhoz |
| Immediately, how did most peasants respond to the introduction of collectivisation in 1929? | They opposed giving up their land, and many of them killed their livestock rather than hand them over to the State. |
| Who had the most to lose from the introduction of collectivisation in 1929? | The kulaks. |
| After the introduction of collectivisation, what did Stalin embark on? | A policy of destroying the kulaks as a class. |
| What happened as a result of Stalin embarking on a policy of destroying the kulaks as a class? | Anyone accused of being a kulak was imprisoned, shot or transported to Siberia. |
| What did the destruction of livestock lead to? | Disastrous consequences. |
| What is it estimated that the animal population fell by as a result of the destruction of livestock caused by the introduction of collectivisation in 1929? | About half in three years. |
| What did the falling of the animal population by about half in three years together with the disruption caused by collectivisation lead to? | A terrible famine in which an estimated 6 million people died between 1931 and 1933. |
| What caused a terrible famine in which an estimated 6 million people died between 1931 and 1933? | The falling of the animal population by half in three years together with the disruption caused by collectivisation. |
| What happened to production levels later in the 1930s? | They increased. |
| When did production levels increase? | Later in the 1930s (after the famine). |
| Although production levels increased later in the 1930s, what was the case? | Many peasants remained in extreme poverty and were always at the mercy of a bad harvest or an extra cold winter. A substantial portion of grain was exported, and there were still many more industrial workers in the cities to be fed. |
| Who were the locally controlled kolkhoz supervised by? | Soviet Party officials. |
| Why was it frequently necessary for the locally controlled kolkhoz to be supervised by Soviet Party officials? | The peasants had no incentive to work hard, as any surplus would be taken away from them. |
| What would happen for those peasants who did work hard? | Collective farms could bring benefits. Schools and hospitals were built, and peasants could feel pride in the achievements of their kolkhoz. |
| Later, in the 1930s, what did Stalin allow? | Peasant families to have a small individual plot, with one cow and several pigs or sheep. |
Created by:
mollyyy
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