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Gross Anatomy 1 palm
Gross Anatomy Unit 1 - intro. myology, pectoral, axillar region
Question | Answer |
---|---|
________ is the branch of anatomy that deals with the muscular system. | Myology |
True of False: The skeletal muscles of the human body are considered an organ system of the body. | True |
Skeletal muscle makes up __ to ___ % of the total body weight of the human body. | 40-50% |
The specific function of skeletal muscle is the production of _____ ______. | voluntary movement; contractility |
______ is the basic property of skeletal muscle and enables humans to produce movement. | Contractility |
Name of the 5 functions of muscles | 1. movement/locomotion 2. stability 3. communication 4. control of body openings and passages 5. heat production |
Which of the following is not associated with the function of the muscle: a. assist when a person is smiling b. control when a person will pee c. moves individual body parts d. responsible for cell reproduction throughout the body | d. muscles are NOT responsible for cell reproduction |
Muscles produce as much as ___ % of the body's heat. | 85% |
What forms the musculoskeletal system? | muscles, bones and joints |
What do muscles depend on the respiratory, digestive, and circulatory systems for? | for sources of energy and nourishment |
Muscles depend on the _____ system for protection and the elimination of heat produced by muscular contraction. | Integumentary system |
Without the _____ stimuli, a muscle would not be able to contract. | nervous system |
What are muscle fibers? | - they compose skeletal muscles- these are the basic structural unit of a muscle and each muscle may consist of a few hundred to thousands of fibers. |
Muscle fibers are grouped into bundles known as _________. ___________ are grouped together to form the ___________. The _______ fibers and _________ are bound together by connective tissue. | Fasciculi, Fasciculi, muscle, fasciculi |
What are the functions of connective tissues investment of a muscle to a bone? | - connect muscle to bone or structure - provide a route through with nerves and blood vessels reach muscle fibers - provide a non-contractile framework which allows the contraction of a muscle fiber to be transmitted to bone. |
What are the 3 layers of connective tissue? | Endomysium - inside muscle perimysium - around muscleepimysium - on muscle |
The _________ connective tissue of a skeletal muscle will continue as the tendon of the muscle | epimysium |
The ___________ (connective tissue) surrounds each individual muscle fiber and binds it to the adjacent muscle fiber | endomysium |
___ is a more dense layer of connective tissue which surrounds each fasciculi and divides the muscle into a series of separate compartments | perimysium |
_____ is on the muscle and the dense irregualar connective layer which surrounds the entire skeletal muscle and separates the muscle from surrounding tissues, organs and other muscles and is continuous with the deep fascia in the area. | Epimysium |
True or False: Muscles that incorporate large amounts of connective tissue are very tender. | False, very tough |
Why is the expensive " you can cut it with a fork" piece of steak tender? | There is a reduced amount of connective tissue |
T or F: Muscle fiber is extremely short and multinucleate, with the nuclei arranged around the periphery of the cell | False.. Muscle fiber is Long and multinucleate, with the nuclei arranged around the periphery of the cell |
Myofibrils are the _______ units of the _______. Each fiber contains a dozen to several hundred _____ | Myofibrils; muscle, myofibrils |
Each muscle fiber is contained within a tough specialized membrane known as ___ | sarcolemma |
T or F: The thickness of a fiber will vary from one type of muscle to the next and even within the same muscle | True |
The adult m | |
What are the 3 layers of connective tissue? | Endomysium - inside muscle perimysium - around muscleepimysium - on muscle |
The _________ connective tissue of a skeletal muscle will continue as the tendon of the muscle | epimysium |
The ___________ (connective tissue) surrounds each individual muscle fiber and binds it to the adjacent muscle fiber | endomysium |
___ is a more dense layer of connective tissue which surrounds each fasciculi and divides the muscle into a series of separate compartments | perimysium |
_____ is on the muscle and the dense irregualar connective layer which surrounds the entire skeletal muscle and separates the muscle from surrounding tissues, organs and other muscles and is continuous with the deep fascia in the area. | Epimysium |
True or False: Muscles that incorporate large amounts of connective tissue are very tender. | False, very tough |
Why is the expensive " you can cut it with a fork" piece of steak tender? | There is a reduced amount of connective tissue |
T or F: Muscle fiber is extremely short and multinucleate, with the nuclei arranged around the periphery of the cell | False.. Muscle fiber is Long and multinucleate, with the nuclei arranged around the periphery of the cell |
Myofibrils are the _______ units of the _______. Each fiber contains a dozen to several hundred _____ | Myofibrils; muscle, myofibrils |
Each muscle fiber is contained within a tough specialized membrane known as ___ | sarcolemma |
T or F: The thickness of a fiber will vary from one type of muscle to the next and even within the same muscle | True |
The adult muscles may be as much as ___ the diameter it was at birth. Exercise may increase muscle size by up to ___ % | 10x, 25% |
The increase in the size of a muscle is due to an increase in the size of the _____ ______ within the muscle | individual fibers |
___________ increase in the size of a muscle due to an increase in the size of each individual muscle fiber. | hypertrophy |
_____ term used to indicate an increased in the size of a muscle due to an actual increase in the number of muscle fiber. | hyperplasia |
Hyperplasia or hypertrophy involves subjecting the muscle fibers to high tension overload (high resistance) which induces injury to the individual fibers which is then followed by a regenerative period. | hyperplasia |
_______ comprises the undifferentiated cytoplasm between the myofibrils and the other organelles of the muscle fibers. The amount of ____ will vary among fibers. | Sarcoplasm; sarcoplasm |
A wild duck or goose has darker meat so this means they have _______ ___________ compared to a raised turkey or chicken which has white/pink meat. | Duck/goose has dark meat because more sarcoplasm. White/pink meat means less sarcoplasm |
______ are fibers found in places where long, sustained or continued contractions are required (ex. posture maintaining muscels, ocular, respiratory and masticatory muscels) | Type 1 Fibers |
_____ fibers are found in places where you want quicker and more powerful contractions and are thus related to speed and strength. used in sprinting, weightlifting, etc. | Type II fibers |
These are dark fibers associated with endurance athletes | type I fibers |
______ are suited for relatively higher levels of contiuous metabolic activity and are associated with aerobic metabolism | type I fibers |
type I fibers are ___ in color and type II are ___ in color | dark, light |
_____ have a greater capacity for anaerobic metabolism. (anaerobic metabolism is produce energey using less oxyjen ex. sprinter) | type II fibers |
All of the following are characteristics of Type I muscle fibers except: a. lg amounts of sarcoplasm and myoglobin b. fewer capillary beds c. slow twitch fibers d. fatigue resistant e. numerous mitochondria f. more fatty acids;less glycogen | b. Type I fibers have extensive capillary beds |
T or F: Type I muscle fibers atrophy with aging. | False, Type II muscle fibers are atrophy with aging, type I muscle fibers are atrophy with immobilization |
Which type of muscle fibers fatique easier, have fewer mitochondria, have more glyocgen/fewer fatty acids, have fast twitch fibers, have lesser amounts of sarcoplasm and myoglobin? | type II muscle fibers |
Intermediate muscle fibers exhibit characteristics which are somewhere between _____ and _____ fibers | type I and type II |
T or F: Intermediate fibers contract faster than type I but slower than type II | true |
Intermediate fibers histologically resemble _____ fibers but have a _____ resistance to fatigue | type II fibers, greater |