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History
Exam Semester 2
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Franklin D. Roosevelt | American president that led out nation thru most of World War II before he died of complications fro polio |
| Adolf Hitler | committed suicide near end of World War II (April 30,1945); Nazi Germany's dictator that worked to restore the power of that nation in the 1930's and 1940 |
| Benito Mussolini | died when Italians executed him; the only leader who didn't attend Yalta Conference |
| Douglas MacArthur | led U.S army in Pacific, stated "I shall return"; American general who helped run Japan after World War II; first general that fired during Korean War |
| Chester Nimitz | commander of U.S. Pacific Naval fleet |
| A. Phillip Randolph | African American labor leader who planned protest march on Washington D.C |
| Norman Mineta | Japanese American whose direct experience in an American detention camp fueled efforts to demand reparations from U.S |
| Edward R. Murrow | well-know radio correspondent famous for on-the-scene reports on the effects of the war in Europe |
| George S. Patton | U.S. leader of forces invading Sicily and Anzio and tank commander in North Africa |
| Dwight D. Eisenhower | commanded Allied assault in North Africa and Allied invasion of Normandy; Republicans choose him as presidential candidate in 1952, command operation overload |
| Harry S Truman | U.S President who ordered atomic bombing of Japan |
| Winston Churchill | Prime Minister of Britain during World War II |
| Paul Tibbits | commanding piolet of Enola Gay |
| Ralph Bunche | First African American to receive the Nobel Peace Prize, was honored for peace-making efforts between Arabs and Jews |
| Eleanor Roosevelt | one of the first delegates to the United Nations; a social activist |
| Hideki Tojo | Premier of Japan during World War II, later executed for war crimes |
| Adolf Eichmann | Nazi official in charge of the Jewish extermination program during WWII |
| Clement Atlee | Prime minister of Great Britain after Winston Churchill |
| David Ben-Gurion | Zionist leader who had fought for Jewish home-land since the early 1900's |
| Folke Bernadotte | Swedish count sent to the Middle East by the united Nations to mediate the Arb-Israeli War |
| Mao Zedong | Revolutionary communist leader of China |
| Ching Kai-shek | Chinese leader that fled to Taiwan to escape communism |
| Nikita Khrushchev | Soviet leader during the 1950s and1960s that encountered President Kennedy in the Cuban Missile Crisis |
| Alger Hiss | American State Department employee convicted of perjury in spy trials, sentenced to 5 years in prison |
| Julius and Ethel Rosenberg | Convicted for providing what country with atomic-energy secrets during WWII |
| Joseph McCarthy | Wisconsin Senator known for his ruthlessness; held controversial hearings in search for communists in America |
| John F. Kennedy | Democrat, voters were impressed by his record of service, selected Lyndon B. Johnson as his running mate, Roman Catholic |
| Lyndon B. Johnson | ran against Kennedy |
| Fidel Castro | In 1959 Established a communist-style dictatorship in Cube |
| Thurgood Marshall | The lawyer that argued against schools segregation before the Supreme Court |
| Rosa Parks | refused to give up a bus seat to a white person |
| Martin Luther King Jr. | civil rights movement lost its most visible and effective leader with his death, leader of the Southern Christian Leadership Conference who gave a famous speech during March on Washington |
| Orval Faubus | famous governor of Arkansas where he tried to interfere with Little Rock's school desegregation plan |
| Jackie Robinson | First African American baseball player to break the color barrier and play major league baseball |
| Diane Nash | Student Nonviolent Coordination Committee leader who worked with the Freedom Riders |
| Ross Barnett | governor of Mississippi who strongly opposed school integration |
| Medger Evers | field secretary for the NAACP who was assassinated in 1963 |
| Mohandas K. Gandhi | leader of independence movement in India whos nonviolent techniques influenced Martin Luther King Jr. |
| Malcolm X | criticized the goals and strategies of mainstream civil rights organizations; "supported any means necessary" idea, turned to nonviolence late in life |
| Elijah Muhammad | became the leader of the Black Muslims in the early 1930's |
| Carl Stokes | the first African American mayor of Cleveland Ohio |
| Ralph Abernathy | he led the Resurrection City demonstration |
| James Meredith | first African American to be accepted to the University of Mississippi |
| Ho Chi Minh | plotted for Vietnamese independence during 1920's and 1930's |
| Ngo Dinh Diem | South Vietnamese president who was assassinated |
| Robert McNamara | 1963 US Secretary of Defense |
| Hubert H. Humphrey | Man received the Democratic nomination for president in 1968 |
| Robert Kennedy | Senator of New York; assassinated during campaign |
| Henry Kissinger | Key forgin policy advisor to Nixon; worked to improve US relationship China; won 1973 Nobel Prize for peace |
| George Mc Govern | Democrat, Air Force pilot in WWII, South Dakota senator |
| Manhattan project | Effort of group of scientist who worked on creating an atomic bomb beginning in 1942 |
| Axis powers | Germany, Italy, Japan |
| Allied powers | Britain, France, Soviet Union, US |
| Rationing | Limited how much people could buy of certain products |
| Selective services and training act | Provided for the first peacetime draft in US history, requiring all men between ages 21 and 35 to register |
| War production bored | Was created to increase the production of military supplies during WWII |
| Office of war mobilization | Created to coordinate all government agencies involved in the war effort |
| Internment camps | Forced removal of people of Japanese descent to detention camps during WWII |
| Blue devils | Elite combat unit whose members were mostly Mexican Americans |
| 442nd unit | One of the most decorated combat units in armed services special unit of Japaneese Americans |
| Sonar | Refinement that helped the allies in the Battle of the Atlantic |
| Wehrmacht | means German armed forces |
| Island-hopping | American tactic of attacking only strategic |
| Genocide | the deliberate annihilation of an entire people |
| kamikaze | Japanese suicide planes |
| Rosie the Riveter | Symbol of patriotic female workers who labored in defense factories |
| Office of war information | government agency that controlled the flow of war news in the United States |
| Enola Gay | airplane that dropped the first atomic bomb on Japan |
| U.S.S. Arizona | United States ship that was sunk at Pearl Harbor, December 7,1941, in which over 1,000 sailors were killed when it sank in less then 10 minutes |
| U.S.S. Missouri | official surrender of the Japanese took place aboard |
| Zionism | movement to create a Jewish homeland in Palestine |
| Zaibatsu | huge family-run corporations that monopolized Japan's economy |
| satellite nations | Eastern European countries under the control of the Soviet Union |
| containment | U.S. policy to stop the launched by Soviet Union in 1957 |
| expansionism | Soviet policy of spreading communism around the world |
| Central Intelligence Agency | Strategic military and political information from other countries was gathered |
| brinkmanship | U.S. policy in 1950's that called for threatening all-out nuclear war in order to confront communist aggression |
| Red Scare | Cold War tensions sparked from fear |
| Hollywood Ten | a group of film directors and writers, who refused to answer government questions about their patriotism and political philosophies, were jailed and had there careers destroyed |
| hydrogen bomb | many Americans grew even more fearful of nuclear war when the United States and the Soviet Union both produced |
| Sputnik | first satellite in space, launched by the Soviet Union in 1957 |
| North Atlantic Treaty Organization | military alliance of Western Europe nations, U.S. and Canada |
| Warsaw Pact | military alliance of Eastern European countries and the Soviet Union |
| Truman Doctrine | declared that the United States had a policy of supporting free people who resist conquest |
| Baruch Plan | proposed a special agency to inspect any nation's atomic energy plants |
| Marshall Plan | massive American aid sent to promote the recovery of Western Europe after WWII |
| Eisenhower Doctrine | offered military aid to any Middle Eastern (Arab) nation seeking help in resisting communist aggression |
| House Un-American Activates Committee | originally created in 1938 by Congress to investigate U.S citizens accused of communist ties |
| National Security Council | created to inform and advise the President on strategic military matters |
| National Defense Education Act | approved by Congress to boost American science and math instruction |
| flexible response | President kennedys entire policy of handling international crises |
| Peace Corps | Program started by President Kennedy which sent American volunteers to work for a 2 years in developing countries |
| Medicare | National health insurance program for people over 65 |
| Medicaid | Free health care for the poor |
| SCLC | Alliance of church-based African American organizations that fought discriminations |
| CORE | Civil rights group from the North |
| SNCC | Student activist from the South formed a loose association |
| Sit-ins | African Americans used to protest technique which refused to leave segregated lunch counters |
| Freedom riders | Integrated group of protesters, attempted to draw attention to continue illegal segregation |
| Non-violent protest | Way to confront "the forces of hate with the power of love" |
| Black power movement | Movement that called black separatism and pride in African culture |
| Black panther party | Group called for black self defense groups against racist police oppression |
| Busing | Recommended sending children to schools outside of their neighborhoods |
| Affirmative action | |
| Vietminh | |
| Guerrilla warfare | |
| College deferments | Common method used by most young men from higher income familes to avoid draft |
| Defoliants | American and Filipino prisoners of war were brutally beaten by Japanese |
| Vietnamization | |
| Agent orange | |
| Doves | |
| Hawks | |
| Pentagon papers | |
| Madman theory | |
| Veterans memorial | List the soldiers names |
| Battle of Stalingrad | German Battle both Soviet Union and US |
| Battle of midway | US won because it had broken Japanese fleet code and knew Japan's plans |
Created by:
kasatkowki18
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