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SFDSCH17Reconstructi

SFDS Chapter 17 Reconstruction

Key Item Definition
Reconstruction The reorganization and rebuilding of the former Confederate states after the Civil War.
Amnesty The granting of pardon to a large number of persons; protection from prosecution for an illegal act.
Radical Extreme.
Freedmen A person freed from slavery.
Ten Percent Plan Proposed by Abraham Lincoln. When 10 percent of the voters of a state took an oath of loyalty to the Union, they could form a new government and a new constitution. Offered amnesty all in the South except the Confederate leaders.
Radical Republicans The republicans who thought that Lincoln's plan was not harsh enough on the South and wanted them to be punished for trying to leave the Union.
Wade-Davis Bill Majority of white males in the state had to swear loyalty to the Union. Constitutional convention can only be attended by white men who had never been part of the Confederate Army. Neew state constitution had to abolish slavery.
John Wilkes Booth The actor who assissinated Abraham Lincoln. Thought that he was going to be a hero to the south. Felt that Lincoln was violating the lifestyle of the South.
Andrew Johnson Vice president to Abraham Lincoln, became president when Lincoln died. Introduced his own plan for reconstruction. Was impeached.
Restoration President Johnson's plan for recontruction. Most Southerners would be granted amnesty after they swore loyalty to the Union. Wealthly plantation owners and government leaders had to apply for amnesty directly to the president.
13th Amendment Abolished slavery in all parts of the United States.
Black Codes A series of laws passed by the Southern States aimed to control freed mena nd women and to enable platations owners to exploit African American workers.
Civil Rights Act of 1866 Granted full citizenship to African Americans and gave the federal government the power to intervene in state affairs to protect their rights. Overturned the Black Codes and the Dred Scott case.
14th Amendment Granted full citizenship to all individuals born in the United States. No state could take away life, liberty and property without due process of the law.
Override Defeat, usually to override the veto of a president.
Impeach To formally charge a public official with misconduct in office.
Reconstruction Act of 1867 Called for the creation of new governments in the 10 southern states that had not ratified the 14th amendment. Divided the south into 5 military districts.
Tenure of Office Act Prohibited the president from removing government officials, including members of his own cabinet, without the approval of the Senate.
Impeachment of Johnson President Johnson suspended Edwin Stanton, secretary of war, without permission from the Senate. When the Senate did not approve the suspension, he fired him. The Senate said he was in violation of the Tenure of Office Act and impeached him.
15th Amendment Prohibited the state from denying the right to vote to anyone based on race, creed or previous condition of servitude.
Scalawags Southern whites who supported Reconstruction. The term means scoundrel or worthless rascal.
Carpetbagger Northern whites who moved to the South to help the Southerners and freed African Americans. Most were doctors, teachers and lawyers. Used suitcases made from old carpet to carry their stuff.
Integrate To end separation of different races and bring equal membership in society.
Sharecropping A system of farming in which a farmer works land for an owner who provides equipment and seeds and receives a share of the crop.
Ku Klux Klan Formed in 1866. Organized to prevent freed men and women from excersizing their rights and to help whites regain power. Used scare tactics to keep African Americans from voting.
Education The area in which the Freedman's Bureau had the most success. By 1870 more than 4,000 new schools had been created in the South. Also they were establishing places of higher education for the newly freed men and women.
Decline of Reconstuction 1. Time for the South to solve its own problems. 2. Southern democrats were regaining control politically and economically. 3. Radical Republicans were disappearing. 4. Prejudice was growing in the North. 5. South tired of military rule.
Commission A group of persons directed to perform some duty.
Poll Tax A fee that people had to pay before voting. Aimed at keeping African Americans from voting.
Literacy Test Voters would be given a part of the Constitution to read and interpret. If they did not read or interpret it correctly they were not allowed to vote.
Grandfather Clause Because the Poll Tax and Literacy test kept poor white people from voting, they created the grandfather clause, if your grandfather voted before the Civil War, you were allowed to vote.
Segregation The separation of the races.
Lynching Killing someone by hanging.
Jim Crow Laws The laws created by the southern states to keep the races separate. Created the segrated society in the South.
Election of 1876 Rutherford Hayes and Samuel Tilden. Electoral Votes are too close to declare a winner. Created a special commission to analyze the votes. Commission 7 Republicans, 7 Democrats, and 1 independent. Declared Hayes the winner.
Compromise of 1877 Hayes can only be president if: 1. More aid is sent to the South and the army is removed. 2. South had to protect the rights of the African Americans.
Southern Industry After the war the industry in the south boomed. Especially textile mills, tobacco and lumbering. Steel also became an important industry to rebuild the railroad system in the South.
Rural Economy The South was caught in a cycle. They grew more cotton to pay back debt, then the price of cotton dropped because there was too much on the market. The south sank further into poverty and debt.
Reconstruction Impact A success and a failure. Created a segregated society. Made the education system better, but yet did not make good on all the promises made to the African Americans.
Created by: Mrs. Hastings
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