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History test
History Test
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What was shaped as a Narrow Boot? | The peninsula in the Mediterranean Sea. |
| When did it happen? | Modern-day Italy |
| What were the 3 continents during the trading? | Asia, Africa, and Europe |
| How was the atmosphere? | Mild, moist climate, and rich soil |
| What were the cons of Swamps at the mouths of rivers? | Infested with disease-carrying mosquitoes |
| What did the mountains caused early people to do? | Only trade among themselves |
| Why did the Greek sailed up to Italy? | To set up farming colonies |
| According to a myth, by who was Rome founded? | Romulus and Reemus |
| What did Rome consisted first? | Consisted of 7 villages and 7 hills |
| Who were the first wealthy kings of United Rome? | The Tarquins |
| What did the Tarquins taught the people? | Taught people to build houses out of bricks and laid out city streets |
| What did the Forum became when created? | The seat of Roman Government |
| When were Tarquins driven out? | In 509 B.C.E |
| Why were the Tarquins driven out? | People were upset with the Tarquins "Proud's" cruelty and harshness. |
| Social Groups | |
| Who were wealthy Roman nobles? | Patricians |
| By who was Rome declared Republic? | In a community in which people elect their leaders. |
| What were most romans? | Plebeians |
| What were plebeians? | Landowners, merchants, farmers, and etc. |
| What did they have? | Had some rights, but couldn't hold public offices |
| Rome's Government | |
| What were 2 Rome's Government branches? | Legislative and executive |
| What did the Legislative Branch do? | Elected people to the executive Branch |
| What other things did the Legislative Branch do? | Senate proposed laws, advised consuls, debated foreign policy, & approved building contracts |
| How many consuls did the Executive Branch headed? | 2 consuls |
| What role did the patricians played in the executive branch? | Patrician officials elected to 1- year terms |
| WWho could veto the actions? | Either consuls could veto the actions of the other |
| Who appointed a dictator? | The Romans |
| What was the role of the dictator? | A leader whose word was law --> only during times of crisis |
| What could the dictator do? | Could overrule the consuls |
| Who resented the the fact that they didn't have any power? | The plebeians |
| What did the plebeians refused to do? | Refused to fight in the army unless their demands were met |
| Who was given representatives in government? | Plebeians |
| What were the representatives called? | The tribunes |
| Who elected the Tribunes? | Plebeians improved their social standing |
| What did rome constantly faced? | Threats from it's neighbors |
| What did rome do in order to protect the republic? | Conquered it's opponents or forced them to be allies with Rome |
| When did Rome ruled the entire Italian Peninsula? | In 264 B.C.E |
| What were soldiers called? | Legionaries |
| How were the Legionaries? | Well- trained; desertion was punishable by death |
| How did the romans treated people? | Treated people well during this time |
| Who were linked by their series of roads? | Rome & it's colonies |
| Who were the wealthiest city in the Mediterranean Sea? | Carthage |
| What did the Romans wanted to put in check? | Wanted to put the expansion of Carthage in check |
| Rome Vs. Carthage First Punic War | |
| Why did the First Punic War start? | Started when carthage wanted to seize the Strait of Messina & the Romans wanted to stop them |
| Who won? | Rome defeated carthage & took over Sicily |
| What was Carthage forced to pay? | Forced to pay huge indemnity which was payment for damages |
| Rome Vs. Carthage Second Punic War | |
| Who became the general of the Carthaginian army in Spain? | Hannibal |
| What did Hannibal do? | Took over one of Rome's allied cities |
| What did he invade? | He invaded italy with 40,000 soldiers and 40 elephants |
| On their way in crossing the alps, what happened to hannibal's army? | 1/2 of hannibal's army were killed by snow, cold, hunger, sickness, & attacks by the mountain people |
| What did Hannibal's Army destroy? | They were in verge of destroying the entire Roman army |
| Rome Vs. Carthage Third Punic War | |
| What did Rome forced 50 years later? | Forced War on Carthage |
| What did the Romans do to Carthage? | Burned carthage to the ground and sold its people into slavery |
| The republic in crisis | |
| What did the Roman controlled? | All of the Mediterranean |
| What grew? | Social discontent |
| What did the Roman corrupt in order to get rich? | Corrupt Roman officials creating large estates and by stealing land from poor farmers & using a profitable agriculture business |
| What did the Roman officials used? | Used captives and prisoners war as slaves on the estates |
| What did they do to the people ? | Conquered them and most of the people lost their land and couldn't find jobs |
| The republic in crisis: Slave Revolts | |
| By who was the major revolt led? | By a slave named Spartacus |
| What happened during this major revolt? | Romans finally crushed the uprising; killing about 6,000 revolters |
| Possible Solution? | |
| Who were the consuls during that time? | The Gracchus brothers |
| What was their proposal? | Distributing land to the poor but they were both murdered |
| Solution Worked | Army leaders came to rule Rome |
| What did the Army leaders do? | Formed separate armies that fought each other for power |
| What did Julius Caesar use to get political power? | He used this practiced of using the army |
| The first emperors | |
| How was the Roman Republic? | Too week to maintain control |
| Who believed that Roman needed ONE strong ruler? | Octavian |
| What name did the Octavian give himself? | He gave himself the title "Augustus" which means "majestic one" |
| Who became the first emperor? | Octavian became the absolute ruler |
| What did he do? | Rebuilt Rome |
| What did he import? | Imported grain so all the Rome could be fed |
| What did he build? | He build new roads & and rebuilt the old ones |
| What did he have? | Had magnificent buildings. |
| How many years did he ruled? | 40 years. |
| What did Tiberius Caesar do? | Accused innocent people of treason. |
| How was Caligula Caesar killed? | Mentally disturbed & killed by a palace guard. |
| How was Claudius Cesar? | Very smart, but had trouble focusing on affairs of the state. |
| How was Nero Caesar? | Cruel & insane. |
| What was Nero Caesar willing to do? | Willing to bankrupt Rome to pay for his horse racing & music. |
| Who did he killed? | Paranoid of traitors -> Killed own wife, mother, and other senators. |
| How was he killed? | Sentenced to death for treason, but killed himself first. |
| Good Emperors | |
| What did Trajan do? | Increased the empire to greatest size. |
| What did Marcus Aurelius do? | Brought the empire to the height of its economic prosperity. |
| Roman Civilization | |
| What did the Pax Romana do? | Boosted trade & generated many achievements in arts (pottery, woven cloth, blown glass, jewelry). |
| What happen to the families? | Family became less significant. |
| What did the family have? | Fewer children, likely to divorce & remarry several times, wives gained some legal rights. |
| What did the Wealthy class have? | Owned large farms, ran factories, held public offices. |
| Where did they live? | Lived in luxurious homes with marble & mosaic floors, running water, and baths. |
| How was most of Rome? | Most of rome was still poor. |
| Where did they live? | Bathes in public baths, lived in apartments buildings that could easily collapse or catch fire. |
| What did the people rebel? | Didn't rebel because they got free food & entertainment like chariot races and gladiators fights. |
| What was built? | Built aqueducts= artificial channels for carrying water. |
| What did the aqueducts do? | Brought water to rome from far away. |
| What did the wealthy boys & girls received? | Tutoring at home. |
| Where did wealthy boys go to? | Went to academics. |
| What did the wealthy girls do? | Continued studying at home & often learned as much as the men. |
| What did the lowest classes have? | They usually had at least knowledge of reading, writing, and arithmetic. |
| The Empire Problems's | |
| What did emperor Commodus do in 180 C.E? | Bankrupt the treasury and killed his own troops. |
| What happened to the Next 28 emperors? | They were installed by the army, only to be killed off. |
| What did they rise in between the armies? | Didn't have time to defend the empire's borders against attack. |
| What problems occur in wars? | Warfare disrupted production & trade, as well as farmland. |
| What did the Government do? | Government minted more coins to cope with economic problems. |
| What were the causes? | Cause inflation = a rise in prices & a decrease in the value of money. |
| What were taxes use for? | There was higher taxes which was the only way to pay for soldiers needed in war. |
| Who they taxed? | Taxing landowners caused them to abandon land -> this meant less crops & food shortage. |
| Unsuccessful Reforms | |
| What did Diocletian do? | Increased the number of men in the army. |
| What did he divided? | Divided empire into 2 units. |
| What did he ruled? | He ruled the east, another ruled the west. |
| What failed? | His economic reforms failed. |
| What did Constantine do? | Tried to stabilize the empire after the civil wars. |
| What did he made legal? | Made it legal for landowners to chain workers so they didn't leave. |
| What did he made? | Made more jobs hereditary. |
| What did he move? | Moved the capital in the east & called in Constantinople. |
| What did Theodosius do? | Made the east and west separate empires. |
| What was the East? | Byzantine Empire. |
| What was the West? | Roman Empire. |
| Barbarian Invasions | |
| What tribes entered the empire? | Germanic tribes entered the empire. |
| Why did they entered the empire? | Looked for warmer climate, Wanted better grazing land, Wanted Rome's wealth. |
| From where were they most fleeing? | Most were fleeing from the huns = fierce nomadic invaders & warriors. |
| Warrior Groups | |
| Who were part of the Warrior groups? | Warriors, their families and a chief. |
| Who was compared to who? | Poor compared to romans. |
| What were the differences and similarities of the Warriors groups? | Many different Warriors groups -> the only thing that they had in common was Germanic language. |
| What did Romans considered this tribes? | Romans considered these tribes barbarians & thought of their language weird babbling & sounds. |
| What did the Visigoths do? | Captured and sacked rome. |
| By who was The Huns led? | Led by the Attila the hun. |
| What did the Huns do? | Plundered cities in Italy. |
Created by:
estephaniezun2019
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