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Chapter 26
Cold War
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| United Nations | an international organization formed in 1945 to increase political and economic cooperation among member countries. |
| Iron Curtain | the notional barrier separating the former Soviet bloc and the West prior to the decline of communism that followed the political events in eastern Europe in 1989. |
| Marshall Plan | A program by which the United States gave large amounts of economic aid to European countries to help them rebuild after the devastation of World War II. |
| Korean War | Also called the Korean conflict, fought in the early 1950s between the United Nations, supported by the United States, and the communist Democratic People's Republic of Korea (North Korea). The war began in 1950, when North Korea invaded South Korea. |
| Hollywood Ten | 10 motion-picture producers, directors, and screenwriters who appeared before the House Un-American Activities Committee in October 1947, refused to answer questions regarding their possible communist actions. |
| Brinkmanship | the art or practice of pursuing a dangerous policy to the limits of safety before stopping, typically in politics. |
| Satellite Nation | nations that were aligned with, but also under the influence and pressure of, the Soviet Union. The satellite nations of the Cold War were Poland, Czechoslovakia, Hungary, Romania, Bulgaria, and East Germany. |
| Cold War | a state of political hostility between countries characterized by threats, propaganda, and other measures short of open warfare, in particular. |
| Berlin Airlift | A military operation in the late 1940s that brought food and other needed goods into West Berlin by air after the government of East Germany, which at that time surrounded West Berlin ( see Berlin wall ), had cut off its supply routes. |
| 38th Parallel | 38th parallel north, a circle of latitude in the Northern Hemisphere, used as the pre-Korean War boundary between North Korea and South Korea. 38th parallel south, a circle of latitude in the Southern Hemisphere. |
| Blacklist | Investigations into Communist activities in America resulted in the expulsion of Communists from trade unions and of Communist-dominated unions from national labor organizations. |
| CIA | an independent agency of the United States government responsible for collecting and coordinating intelligence and counterintelligence activities abroad in the national interest |
| Containment | was a United States policy using numerous strategies to prevent the spread of communism abroad. |
| Truman Doctrine | the principle that the US should give support to countries or peoples threatened by Soviet forces or communist insurrection. First expressed in 1947 by US President Truman in a speech to Congress |
| NATO | NATO, the North Atlantic Treaty Organization, is a military alliance of European and North American democracies founded after World War II to strengthen international ties between member states |
| HUAC | The House Un-American Activities Committee (HUAC) was an investigative committee of the United States House of Representatives. Originally created in 1938 in order to uncover Nazi ties in the United States also investigating Communist Party infiltration. |
| McCarthyism | a vociferous campaign against alleged communists in the US government and other institutions carried out under Senator Joseph McCarthy in the period 1950–54. |
| Warsaw Pact | A military alliance of communist nations in eastern Europe. Organized in 1955 in answer to NATO, the Warsaw Pact included Bulgaria, Czechoslovakia, East Germany, Hungary, Poland, Romania, and the Soviet Union. |
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