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Early Fight for CR's
Significant events in the early fight for civil rights
Definition | Term |
---|---|
collective name for the 13th, 14th, and 15th amendments, ratified shortly after the Civil War. | Reconstruction amendments |
abolished slavery in the North | Emancipation Proclamation |
abolished slavery nationwide | 13th Amendment |
granted citizenship to runaway slaves. | 14th Amendment |
gave all African-Americans the right to vote regardless of "race, color, or previous condition of servitude." | 15th Amendment |
the period of time from 1865-1877 in which African-Americans received their first, real taste of freedom. | Reconstruction |
implemented poll taxes, literacy tests, and segregation | Jim Crow laws |
mandated "separate but equal" and legalized segregation. | Plessy v. Ferguson |
segregation by law (most prevalent in the South) | de jure segregation |
segregation without law (most prevalent in the North) | de facto segregation |
a political, legal, and social struggle to gain full citizenship for African-Americans | Civil Rights Movement |
lead NAACP legal defense in the 1940's before becoming the first African-American judge appointed to the Supreme Court | Thurgood Marshall |
overturned "separate but equal" and forced integration | Brown v. Board of Education |
ordered school desegregation implemented "with all deliberate speed" | Brown II |
9 African-American students hand-picked to challenge segregation in Arkansas school districts | Little Rock Nine |
segregationist Arkansas governor in the late 1950's who ordered the National Guard to turn away Little Rock Nine from integrating Little Rock's Central High. | Orval Faubus |
galvanized Montgomery Bus Boycott through her refusal to give up her bus seat to a white passenger and subsequent arrest. | Rosa Parks |
Baptist minister who lead the Montgomery Bus Boycott and would later become the face of the Civil Rights movement through his powerful oratory and practice of nonviolent, civil disobedience. | Martin Luther King Jr. |