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Unit 12 SOL Review
Civil Rights Movement
Term | Definition |
---|---|
Massive resistance | Virginia policy to prevent school desegregation; declared by Senator Harry Byrd |
Discrimination | treating some people better than others without any fair reason |
NAACP | National Association for the Advancement of Colored People; founded 1901 by W.E.B. Dubious to work through the courts to secure the legal rights of African Americans |
White flight | whites moving away from areas with a large non-white population (example – moving from the cities to the suburbs) |
Desegregation (integration) | to open (ex. schools, workplace) to all races by force of law |
Private academy | private school; many private schools were opened by people who did not want their children to go to integrated schools |
Non-violent protests | promoting change in non-violent ways; boycotts, sit-ins; protestors remained calm even if heckled, beaten, spat upon or arrested |
March on Washington | 1963; Martin Luther King gave his “I Have a Dream” speech |
Civil Rights Act (1964) | Federal law intended to end discrimination based on race, color or religion at any public facility or workplace |
Brown vs. Board of Education | ended segregation (“separate but equal”) in public schools |
Voting Rights Act of 1965 | outlawed having to take a literacy test before registering to vote |
Thurgood Marshall | first black to become a Supreme Court JUSTICE; as a lawyer had argued against “separate but equal” for NAACP in Brown v. Board of Education |
Oliver Hill | NAACP Lawyer; from Richmond, VA; in 1951, filed suit to integrate schools near Farmville; this case was included in Brown v. Board of Education |
Martin Luther King Jr. | Father of modern civil rights movement; believed in non-violent protests; Nobel Peace Prize winner; gave “I Have a Dream” speech; assassinated in TN while assisting garbage workers strike |