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Unit 10 SOL Review
World War II
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Embargo | way to apply economic pressure on countries by not trading with them |
| Kamikaze | Japanese suicide pilots; the name means “divine wind” |
| Neutrality | nonparticipation in a war or dispute |
| Censorship | deleting parts of publications, correspondence or theatrical performances |
| Genocide | systematic killing of a racial or cultural group |
| Propaganda | information that is spread for the purpose of promoting some cause |
| P.O.W. | prisoner of war; a person who surrenders to (or is taken by) the enemy in time of war |
| Non-Aggression Pact | agreement between Hitler and Stalin saying they would not go to war against each other |
| Embargo on Japan | The U.S. placed an embargo on Japanese oil to protest their taking over other countries in Asia |
| Manchurian Invasion | 1939 – first military action by Japan in the Pacific |
| Non-Recognition Policy | U.S. policy that did not recognize conquests of warring countries (did not recognize Japan’s capture of Manchuria or Italy’s conquest of Ethiopia |
| Isolationism | Opposition to political and economic entanglements with other countries; U.S. policy at the beginning of WW II |
| Allied powers | alliance of United States, Great Britain, and Soviet Union |
| Axis powers | alliance of Germany, Italy and Japan |
| Invasion of Poland | Invasion of Poland in September, 1939 by Germany and U.S.S.R. that began World War II; first non-appeased German aggression |
| Battle of Britain | total air war waged by Germany against Great Britain in 1940; led to Lend-Lease Act being passed by the U.S Congress in 1941 |
| Lend-Lease Act | a 1941 act allowing the U.S. President to sell, lease, or lend equipment and supplies to Allied nations whose defense the President deemed vital to American security |
| Pearl Harbor | Japan attacked U.S. Pacific fleet on December 7, 1941 killing more than 2,300 Americans; U.S. enters war |
| “Destroy Hitler First” | U.S. Strategy when it first entered WW II, to defeat Hitler in Europe, then defeat Japan |
| El Alamein | Egypt; October 1942, British under General Montgomery halted German advance on Suez Canal; stopped Germans from getting Mid-East oil and invading U.S.S.R. from the south, and blocking Allied supply route through Suez |
| Stalingrad | Germany broke pact with U.S.S.R. and invaded the Soviet Union; Germans halted; turning point of WW II on the Eastern Front; 500,000 Soviets died |
| Normandy Landings (D-Day) | The day on which the Allied forces invaded France during World War II to recapture France from the Nazis- June 6, 1944 |
| Island-Hopping Strategy | U.S strategy in the Pacific to gain control of the islands Japan had conquered |
| Midway | American dive-bombers attacked and sank 4 Japanese carriers and these islands remained in American hands; Turning Point in the Pacific |
| Iwo Jima + Okinawa | two bloodiest battles in the Pacific; these were the closest islands to Japan and were the last captured on the “island-hopping campaign” |
| Manhattan Project | development of the atomic bomb that was dropped on Hiroshima & Nagasaki in 1945 |
| Hiroshima | August 6, 1945 the Enola Gay dropped an atomic bomb on this city in Japan |
| Nagasaki | August 9, 1945 a second bomb was dropped in Japan on this city |
| Navajo Code Talkers | transmitted telephone and radio messages for American forces in the Pacific; had code words for combat terms (chicken hawk for dive bomber) confusing the Japanese |
| Nisei Regiments | American regiments in the Pacific composed of second generation Japanese-American citizens who spoke fluent Japanese and greatly aided the Pacific War effort; they were victims of discrimination |
| Tuskegee Airman | Pilots in an all-black 99th Pursuit Squadron who fought in Italy |
| “Final solution” | Hitler’s decision to eliminate Jews and other “undesirables” in concentration camps |
| “Undesirables” | Jews, Eastern Europeans, homosexuals, gypsies, the physically and mentally handicapped, and others murdered in Nazi concentration camps |
| Holocaust | the systematic murder of Jews and other groups by Nazis |
| Geneva Conventions | international agreement on the rules of war, treatment of POWs, etc., set up after World War II |
| Nuremberg Trials | due to hideous revelations about Nazi death camps, 24 leading Nazis were placed on trial |
| Industrial retooling | changing machines in factories to manufacture weapons instead of non-essential items |
| “Rosie the Riveter” | picture in propaganda posters encouraging women to participate in the war effort |
| Selective Service | Compulsory enrollment in the armed forces; the draft |
| Great Migration | movement of African-Americans from the South to northern cities looking for work |
| Japanese internment | the U.S. Government’s movement of Japanese American families to segregated camps |
| Rationing | a fixed portion, especially an amount of food allotted to persons in military service or to civilians in times of scarcity |
| War bonds | savings bonds sold by the U.S. government to pay for the war |
| Franklin Delano Roosevelt | President of the United States until death in 1945 |
| Winston Churchill | Prime Minister of England |
| Adolf Hitler | Nazi leader of Germany |
| Joseph Stalin | Communist leader of the Soviet Union |
| Emperor Hirohito | political leader of Japan |
| Hideki Tojo | military leader of Japan |
| Benito Mussolini | Fascist leader of Italy; allied with Hitler |
| Charles DeGaulle | leader of France |
| General George Patton | American General; led Allies through Europe |
| General Dwight Eisenhower | American General; Supreme Commander of the European Army |
| General Douglas MacArthur | American General; Supreme Commander of the Pacific fleet |
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