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HSCI 131
Chapter 16 Special Senses
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| accommodation | adjustment of the eye for various distances so that images fall on the retina of the eye |
| acuity | clearness or sharpness of a sensory function |
| adnexa | tissues or structures in the body adjacent to or near a related structure |
| humor | any fluid or semifluid of the body |
| labyrinth | series of intricate communicating passages |
| opaque | substance or surface that neither transmits nor allows the passage of light |
| perilymph | fluid that very closely resembles spinal fluid but found in the cochlea |
| photopigment | light-sensitive pigment in the retinal cones and rods that absorbs light and initiates the visual process |
| refractive | ability to bend light rays as they pass from one medium to another |
| tunic | layer or coat of tissue |
| ambly/o | dull, dim |
| amblyopia | dimness of vision |
| aque/o | water |
| aqueous | pertaining to water |
| blephar/o | eyelid |
| blepharoptosis | prolapse or downward displacement of the eyelid |
| choroid/o | choroid |
| choroidopathy | disease of the choroid |
| conjunctiv/o | conjunctiva |
| conjunctival | pertaining to the conjuntiva |
| core/o or pupill/o | pupil |
| coreometer | instrument for measuring the pupil |
| pupillography | process of recording (movement of) the pupil |
| corne/o | cornea |
| corneal | pertaining to the cornea |
| cycl/o | ciliary body of the eye |
| cycloplegia | paralysis of the ciliary body |
| dacry/o or lacrim/o | tear; lacrimal apparatus |
| dacryoma | tumorlike swelling of the lacrimal duct |
| lacrimotomy | incision of the lacrimal duct or sac |
| dacryocyst/o | lacrimal sac |
| dacryocystoptosis | prolapse of the lacrimal sac |
| glauc/o | gray |
| glaucoma | gray tumor |
| goni/o | angle |
| gonioscopy | visual examination of the irideocorneal angle |
| irid/o | iris |
| iridoplegia | paralysis of (the sphincter of) the iris |
| kerat/o | horny tissue; cornea |
| keratotomy | incision of the cornea |
| ocul/o or ophthalm/o | eye |
| optometry | act of measuring vision |
| optical | pertaining to the eye or vision |
| oculomycosis | fungal infection of the eye (or its parts) |
| ophthalmologist | specialist in the study of the eye |
| opt/o ir optic/o | eye, vision |
| phac/o | lens |
| phacocele | herniation (displacement) of the lens into the interior chamber of the eye |
| phot/o | light |
| photophobia | abnormal fear of (intolerance to) light |
| presby/o | old age |
| presabyopia | poor vision associated with old age |
| retin/o | retina |
| retinosis | abnormal condition of the retina |
| scler/o | hardening; sclera |
| scleromalacia | softening of the sclera |
| scot/o | darkness |
| scotoma | dark, tumor like spot |
| vitr/o | vitreous body (of the eye) |
| vitrectomy | removal of the contents of the vitreous chamber |
| audi/o | hearing |
| audiometer | instrument for measuring hearing |
| labyrinth/o | labyrinth (inner ear) |
| labyrinthotomy | incision of the labyrinth |
| mastoid/o | mastoid process |
| mastoidectomy | removal of the mastoid process |
| ot/o | ear |
| otopyorrhea | discharge of pus from the ear |
| salping/o | tubes (eustachian tubes) |
| salpingopharyngeal | pertaining to the eustachian tube and pharynx |
| staped/o | stapes |
| stapedectomy | excision of the stapes |
| myring/o | tympanic membrane (eardrum) |
| myringomycosis | abnormal condition due to fungal infection of the tympanic membrane |
| tympan/o | tympanic membrane |
| tympanostomy | forming an opening in the tympanic membrane |
| -acusia | hearing |
| -cusis | hearing |
| anacusia | not hearing (deafness) |
| presbyacusis | hearing (loss) associated with old age |
| -opia or -opsia | vision |
| diplopia | double vision |
| heteropsia | inequality of vision in the two eyes |
| -tropia | turning |
| esotropia | turning inward of the eyes |
| exo- | outside/outward |
| exotropia | abnormal turning outward of one or both eyes |
| hyper- | excessive, above normal |
| hyperopia | excess (farsighted) vision |
| achromatopsia | severe congenital deficiency in color perception |
| chalazion | small, hard tumor developing on the eyelid, somewhat similar to a sebaceous cyst |
| conjunctivitis | inflammation of the conjunctiva with vascular congestion that produces a red or pink eye and may be secondary to allergy or viral, bacterial, or fungal infections |
| ectropion | eversion, or outward turning, of the edge of the lower eyelid |
| entropion | inversion, or inward turning, of the edge of the lower eyelid |
| epiphora | abnormal overflow of tears |
| hordeolum | localized, circumscribed, inflammatory swelling of one of the several sebaceous glands of the eyelid (usually caused by bacterial infection) |
| metamorphopsia | visual distortion of objects |
| nyctalopia | impaired vision in dim light (night blindness) |
| nystagmus | type of involuntary eye movements that appear jerky and may reduce vision or be associated with other more serious conditions that limit vision |
| papilledema | swelling or hyperemia of the optic disc, usually associated with increased intracranial pressure |
| photophobia | unusual intolerance and sensitivity to light |
| presabyopia | loss of accommodation of the crystalline lens associated with the aging process |
| retinopathy | any disorder of retinal blood vessels |
| diabetic retinopathy | disorder that occurs in patients with diabetes and manifests as small hemorrhages, edema and formation of new vessels on the retina, leading to scarring and eventual loss of vision |
| trachoma | chronic, contagious form of conjunctivitis that typically leads to blindness |
| anacusis | complete deafness |
| conduction impairment | blocking of sound waves as they pass through the external and middle ear |
| labyrinthitis | inflammation of the inner ear that usually results from an acute febrile process |
| meniere disease | disorder of the labyrinth that leads to progressive loss of hearing |
| noise-induced hearing loss | condition caused by the destruction of hair cells, the organs responsible for hearing, as a result of sounds that are too long, too loud or too close |
| otitis externa | infection of the external auditory canal |
| presbyacusis | impairment of hearing resulting from old age |
| tinnitus | perception of ringing, hissing, or other sounds in the ears or head when no external sound is present |
| vertigo | sensation of a spinning motion either of oneself or of the surroundings |
| ear irrigation | flushing of the ear canal with water or saline to dislodge foreign bodies or earwax |
| slit-lamp examination | stereoscopic magnified view of the anterior eye structures in detail; which includes the cornea, lens, iris, sclera and vitreous humor |
| blepharoplasty | cosmetic surgery that removes fatty tissues above and below the eyes that commonly form as a result of the aging process or excessive exposure to the sun |
| pressure-equalizing tube placement | insertion of tubes through the tympanic membrane, commonly used to treat chronic otitis media |
| cochlear implant insertion | placement of an artificial hearing device that produces hearing sensations by electrically stimulating nerves inside the inner ear |
| cyclodialysis | formation of an opening between the anterior chamber and the suprachoroidal space for the draining of aqueous humor in glaucoma |
| enucleation | removal of the eyeball from the orbit |
| evisceration | removal of the contents of the eye while leaving the sclera and cornea intact |
| mastoid antrotomy | surgical opening of a cavity within the mastoid process |
| otoplasty | corrective surgery for a deformed or excessively large or small pinna |
| phacoemulsification | method of treating cataracts by using ultrasonic waves to disintegrate a cloudy lens, which is then aspirated and removed |
| radial keratotomy | incision of the cornea for treatment of nearsightedness or astigmatism |
| sclerostomy | surgical formation of an opening in the sclera |
| tympanoplasty | reconstruction of the eardrum, commonly due to perforation |
| audiometry | measurement of hearing acuity at various sound-wave frequencies |
| caloric stimulation test | test that uses different water temperatures to assess the vestibular portion of the nerve of the inner ear to determine if nerve damage is the cause of vertigo |
| electronystagmography | method of assessing and recording eye movements by measuring the electrical activity of the extraocular muscles |
| gonioscopy | examination of the angle of the anterior chamber of the eye to determine ocular motility and rotation and diagnose and manage glaucoma |
| ophthalmodynamometry | measurement of the blood pressure of the retinal vessels |
| ophthalmoscopy | visual examination of the interior of the eye using a handheld instrument that has various adjustable lenses for magnification and a light source to illuminate the interor of the ye |
| otoscopy | visual examination of the external auditory canal and the tympanic membrane using an otoscope |
| pneumatic otoscopy | procedure that assesses the ability of the tympanic membrane to move in response to a change in air pressure |
| retinoscopy | evaluation of refractive errors of the eye by projecting a light into the eyes and determine the movement of reflected light rays |
| tonometry | evaluation of intraocular pressure by measuring the resistance of the eyeball to indentation by an applied force |
| tuning fork test | evaluation of sound conduction using a vibrating tuning fork |
| rinne | tuning fork test that evaluates bone conduction versus air conduction of sound |
| weber | tuning fork test that evaluates bone conduction of sound in both ears at the same time |
| visual acuity test | part of an eye examination that determines the smallest letters that can be read on a standardized chart at a distance of 20 feet |
| dacryocystography | radiographic imaging procedure of the tear glands and ducts |
| fluorescein angiography | evaluation of blood vessels and their leakage in and beneath the retina after injection of fluorescein dye, which circulates while photographs of the vessels within the eye are obtained |
Created by:
arehberg
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