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Social 30-2 Unit 4
Unit 4: Rejecting Liberalism Terms
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| abdicate | to give up a high office or responsibility |
| alternative thought | a way of thinking about an issue that is different from the accepted or usual ideology |
| assimilation | to bring someone into a group in a way that minimizes or eliminates the differences between the individual and the group |
| authoritarianism | a form of government in which the ruler is a dictator and promotes strict obedience to the authority of a state or organization |
| balance of power | the situation in which the relative strength of neighbouring states is essentially equal and, thus, discourages war |
| bourgeoisie | Karl Marx's term for people who own wealth and the means of production; that is, the rich capitalist class of people |
| brinkmanship | a foreign policy strategy of taking a country to the edge (brink) of war to accomplish a certain goal |
| centrally-planned economy | economy based on the idea of collectivism. This economic system has the basic economic questions decided by the central government. |
| civil disobedience | acting in a way that breaks the laws or rules governing a society |
| Cold War | time of tension between 1945 and 1991 when no military engagement occurred between the superpowers |
| collective security | the safety (security) of the group (collective). Groups of nations often agree to join forces in an alliance to protect one another from attack. |
| collectivization | the transfer from private to public or government ownership, especially in agriculture |
| containment | a foreign policy of limiting the expansion of an opponent's sphere of influence by using military, economic, and political means on an international scale |
| détente | policy that uses diplomacy and mediation to decrease tensions between countries |
| deterrence | the foreign policy of preventing (deterring) an opponent from attacking by building a highly advanced military |
| dictator | a ruler with absolute power and authority |
| dictatorship | a form of government in which one person has complete control over the country and its citizens |
| diplomacy | the foreign policy of preventing (deterring) an opponent from attacking by building a highly advanced military |
| dissent | difference in opinion from the accepted or established norm; refusal to conform to established ideology |
| elitism | the attitude that government should be by those who consider themselves superior to others because of intelligence, social status, or greater accomplishment |
| enfranchisment | to be given the right to vote |
| environmentalism | an ideology of working toward protecting the natural environment from destruction or pollution |
| expansionism | a nation's practice or policy of territorial or economic expansion. This may happen through war and conquest or by political annexation of a territory. (Annexation means to take control of an area of land and its inhabitants.) |
| extremism | the actions or ideology of those that are considered to be beyond what is acceptable |
| fascism | a political and economic system in which the government has complete control over society |
| Leninism | ideology based on Russian revolutionary and leader, Lenin, and his interpretation of Karl Marx's communist ideology |
| nationalization | the process of government takeover of private businesses |
| Nazism | ideology of the National Socialist Party (Nazi Party) of Germany whose leader was Adolf Hitler |
| non-alignment | the foreign policy of a country, usually a developing one, to not form an alliance with a superpower |
| proletariat | the working class as defined by Karl Marx. This group is dominated by the bourgeoisie or rich capitalist class of people. |
| provisional government | temporary government until a general election can be held |
| reparation | payment for war damages. If the victors in a war did not start the war, they usually force the defeated nations who started the war to pay for the damages caused during the war. |
| sanctions | actions by a group of nations used to change the behaviour of another nation |
| self-government | political independence; able to govern oneself independent of outside influences |
| social Darwinism | the idea based on Charles Darwin's theory of evolution that in human society only the strongest should survive |
| sphere of influence | A sphere of influence is the extent to which a nation is able to extend its influence beyond its borders (during the Age of Imperialism this term meant specific power claims to trade in an area). |
| Stalinism | ideology based on Soviet dictator Joseph Stalin and his interpretation of Karl Marx's communist ideology. Stalin's view was characterized by totalitarian rule while brutally crushing political opponents and dissent. |
| superpower | a nation that is or is among the most powerful of all countries, militarily and politically |
| totalitarianism | the belief that every aspect of citizens' lives should be controlled by the government. This usually involves restricting people rights and choosing leaders without the people's consent. Individuality is unimportant because the state is more important. |
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