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HNRS HIST RCSTR 2017
Mr. Stickler's Liberty Christian HNRS HIST "Reconstruction" Test Flashcards 2017
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Who were the first 2 women who complained about the word "male" in an Amendment? | Elizabeth Cady Stanton & Susan B. Anthony. (Pg. 431) |
| How many states rejected the 14th Amendment? | 12 (Pg. 430) |
| In Dec. 1865, the 39th Congress met for the 1st time. Which political party outnumbered the other by 3 to 1? | Republicans. (Pg. 429) |
| When did Congress override Johnson's veto of the Military Reconstruction Act? | 1867 |
| What does the word "enfranchisement" mean? | To grant the right to vote to an individual or group. |
| What did the Civil Rights Act of 1866 specify? | State cannot deprive anyone of of life, liberty, or property without due process of the law. (Sometimes called the "Due process" Amendment). |
| What did the 14th Amendment do? | Guaranteed equality to all citizens. |
| What does Article I, Section 5 of the Constitution state? | It states that each house of Congress is the judge of the qualifications for its own members. (Pg. 429) |
| What does Article I, Sections 2 & 3 of the Constitution give to the House of Representatives? | The power to impeach the U.S. President (i.e. the power to charge the chief executive with misconduct). (Pgs. 432 & 433) |
| What were "Black Codes"? | Laws passed by the southern states after the Civil War restricting freed people; in general, the black codes limited the civil rights of freed people & defined their status as subordinate to whites. (Pg. 428) |
| Who led the Joint Committee of Reconstruction to bring impeachment charges to Johnson? | Thaddeus Stevens. |
| What are "terrorists"? | Those who use threats & violence to achieve ideological or political goals. |
| What does the term "crop lien" refer to? | A legal claim to a farmer's crop, similar to a mortgage based on the use of crops as collateral for extension of credit by merchants. |
| What is "coercion"? | Use of threats or force to compel action. (Pg. 426) |
| Give three (3) examples of things that "black codes" restricted. | 1.) Former slaves needed annual employment contracts; 2.) They were limited to agricultural work; 3.) Couldn't move around the countryside without permission. |
| When did Reconstruction officially end? | 1877 |
| List two (2) of the five (5) things that forced Congress to turn their attention away from the Reconstruction Era racial troubles in the 1870's. | 1.) A Major Depression (mid-1870's); 2.) Unemployment & labor disputes; 3.) The growth of industry; 4.) Emergence of big business; 5.) The development of the west. |
| What was the Mississippi Plan? | Use of threats, violence, & lynching by Mississippi Democrats in 1875 to intimidate Republicans & bring the Democratic Party to power. |
| How did one Mississippian describe election of 1875? | "The most violent time we have ever seen." |
| How were the popular votes looking in the election of 1876? | Tyler = 51%; Hayes = 48%. |
| What was the headline used by some democratic newspapers referencing the elections of 1877? | "Tilden or war". (Pg. 443) |
| The economic depression that began in 1873 was caused by __________________. | A high unemployment rate. (Pg. 442) |
| What is the 14th Amendment also known as? | The "due process" Amendment. |
| What is the 15th Amendment also known as? | The "universal suffrage" Amendment. |
| Why did some white Southerners create the Ku Klux Klan? | To use fear and terror to coerce freed African slaves into accepting subordinate roles (or states in society). (Pg. 428) |
| What was "sharecropping"? | A system for renting farmland in which tenant farmers gave land lords a share of their crops, rather than cash, as rent. |
| What officially freed every slave? | The 13th Amendment. |
| When did all Southern states fulfill President Johnson's requirements to re-join the Union? | April, 1866. |
| What does the term "repudiate" mean? | "The act of rejecting the validity or authority of something; to refuse to pay." (Pg. 422) |
| Which social class took over government positions in former Confederate states once they re-joined the Union? | Rich planters & former Confederate leaders. |
| What does the Constitution require of any Amendment in order for it to be ratified? | It must be ratified by 3/4 of the states. |
| List three (3) roles that the Freedmen's Bureau played in Reconstruction. | 1.) Offered assistance with finding work & "necessities"; 2.) Assist "freed people" in their "transition to freedom"; 3.) Helped establish schools and "other social institutions". (Pgs. 423 & 424) |
| List two (2) positives and two (2) negatives of the "sharecropping" system. | Positives: 1.) Gave poor farmers the chance to keep their farms; 2.) Farmers paid for needed supplies with part of their crops instead of $. Negatives: 1.) Hard for farmers to make a profit, 2.) Farmers were trapped in a sharecropping & debt cycle. |
| How did African American churches & church communities form during Reconstruction? | "African Americans were given freedom to conduct religious services without white supervision. Churches quickly became prominent social organizations in African American communities." (Pg. 424) |
| What does the term "scalawag" mean/ refer to? | This term is a derogatory term for white southerners who aligned themselves with the Republican party during Reconstruction. (Pg. 438) |
| What does the term "underwrite" mean/ refer to? | This term means "to guarantee the purchase of bonds so that a project can go forward." (Pg. 439) |
| What does the term "carpetbagger" mean/refer to? | This term is a derogatory term for the northerners who came to the South after the Civil War to take part in Reconstruction. (Pg. 438) |
| What does the term "coalition" mean/ refer to? | This term refers to "an alliance, especially a temporary one of different people or groups". (Pg. 440) |
| What does the term "Mississippi Plan" mean/ refer to? | This term refers to the use of terror to overthrow Reconstruction in Mississippi in 1875. (Pg. 442) |
| What does the term "equal access" mean/ refer to? | This term refers to "the right of any person to make use of a public facility, such as streetcars, as freely as any other person". (Pg. 439) |
| What does the term "public accommodations" mean/ refer to? | This term refers to "hotels, bars, restaurants, theaters, and other places set up to do business with anyone who can pay the price of admission". (Pg. 437) |
| What did the Military Reconstruction Act of 1867 do/ provide for? | This Act divided the Confederate states (except Tennessee) into 5 military districts. Districts were governed by a military commander who was authorized to use force to protect "life & property". (Pg. 431) |
| What does the term "vagrancy" mean/ refer to? | This term refers to "the legal condition of having no fixed place of residence or means of support". (Pg. 428) |
| What does the term "fraternal order" mean/ refer to? | This term refers to "men's organizations, often with ceremonial initiations, that typically provided rudimentary life insurance"; many of these groups had auxiliaries for female relatives of members. (Pg. 425) |
| What is a "benevolent society"? | These are "organizations dedicated to some charitable purpose". (Pg. 425) |
| Another word for "provisional" is __________________________. | "Temporary". (Pg. 422) |
| What does the term "patrollers" mean/ refer to? | This term refers to white guards who made rounds on rural roads to make certain that slaves were not moving about the countryside without written permission from their masters. (Pg. 423) |
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