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Major Players
WVSOM -- Immuno/Micro -- Summary of Major Players
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Bone marrow | primary site of hematopoiesis; site of B-cell development; site of antibody production |
| Thymus | site of T-cell selection adn development |
| spleen | secondary lympoid tissue; site of antigen recognition and lymphocyte clone proliferation; site of antibody production |
| lymph nodes | secondary lymphoid tissue; site of antigen recognition and lymphocyte clone proliferation; site of antibody production |
| mucosal lymphatic tissue | secondary lymphoid tissue; site of antigen recognition and lymphocyte clone proliferation; site of antibody production |
| T Cells | serve as helper, regulator, killer cells |
| B cells | antibody producting cells (aka plasma cells); also act as anti-gen presenting cells |
| NK cells | natural killer cells that kill tumor cells and virus-infected cells |
| Antigen-presenting cells | present antigenic peptides for T-cell recognition; Dendritic cells, macrophages and B cells |
| Dendritic cells | ubiquitous in tissues and organs; primary APC for naive T-cells |
| macrophages | derived from blood monocytes; highly phagocytic; APC |
| Neutrophils | most abundant leukocyte in blood; phagocytic; primary cell in acute inflammation |
| Eosinophil | normally <3% of blood leukocytes; often increased in allergy and parasitic worm infections |
| mast cells | tissue-resident; release histamine and other pro-inflammatory mediators |
| Major Histocompatibility complex (MHC) | Class I and II molecules; identify "self"; differences in these molecules lead to transplanted organ rejection; primary role is to display antigenic peptides for T-cell recognition |
| CD molecules | A nomenclature system for mainly cell surface proteins that may help classify cell subsets; e.g. CD4 protein identifies helper T cells |
| Cell Adhesion molecules (CAM) e.g. integrins | cell surface molecules that facilitate cell-to-cell signaling; they also play a major role in determining cellular movement and migration |
| receptors | cell-surface glycoproteins that bind specific ligands; e.g., the T-cell receptor which binds specifically to an antigenic peptide; there are also Fc receptors, complement receptors, etc. |
| Antibody | glycoproteins produced by B-cells that bind to antigen; IgA, IgD, IgE, IgG, IgM |
| cytokines | small communication molecules that go between cells |
| complement | plasma proteins that act as opsonins, facilitate inflammation and lysis target microbes |
| What are the soluble factors? | antibodies, cytokines and complement |
| What are teh cell-surface protiens? | MHC, CD molecules, CAM, and receptors |
| What are teh different cell types? | lymphocytes, APC, Neutrophils, eosinophils, mast cells |
| What are the 3 types of lymphocytes? | T cells, B cells and NK cells |
| What are the 5 organs? | bone marrow, thymus, spleen lymph nodes and mucosal lymphatic tissue |
| CD1 | present non-peptide antigens (lipid and glycolipid to some T cells)from dendritic cells and thymocytes |
| CD 2 | Adhesion molecules that binds CD 58 on T cells, thymocytes and NK cells |
| CD3 | Expressed on T cells and thymocytes. Signal transduction by the TCR |
| CD4 | Expressed on T-cell subset, monocytes, Macs. Signals and adheres coreceptors that binds to class II MHC |
| CD8 | expresed by T-cell subset and thymocytes; signaling and adhesion |
| CD 10 | expressed by immature and some mature B-cells; metalloproteinase |
| CD14 | Expressed by monocytes and MACs; binds LPS + LPS-binding protein, Mac activation |
| CD16a | Expressed by NK cells, macs, and mast cells; immune-complex-induced cellular activation; ADCC |
| CD19 | Expressed by most B cells; b cell activation; co-recepotr with CD21 and CD 81 |
| CD20 | expressed by all B cells; activates C++ channel and other things unknown |
| CD 21 | Expressed by mature B cells, EDC; receptor for C3d; part of co-receptor with CD19 and CD 81 |
| CD 25 | expressed by activated T cells and B cells; It is an IL-2 receptor alpha chain |
| CD28 | expressed by T cells; binds B7-1 and B7-2 as co-stimulator |
| CD34 | Expressed by hematopoietic stem cells; helps with adhesion adn binds to CD62L |
| CD40 | Expressed by B cells, MACs, Dc and endothelium; binds CD40L on T cells to provide T-cell help; Mac activation |
| CD80 | aka B7-1; On APC, binds to CD28 to turn T-cells ON |
| CD86 | aka B7-2;on APC binds to CD 28 to turn T-Cell ON |
| CD152 | aka CTLA-4; on APC binds to CD28 to turn T cells off |
| CD154 | aka CD40 ligand; On T-cell binds to B-cell CD40 |
| Histamine | Vasodilate, increase mucus |
| Prostiglandins | vasodilate, increase permeability |
| Leukotrienes | Increase mucus, bronchoconstrict |
| Chemokines | Attract cells to site |
| Platelet activating factor | Chemotaxis, activate PMN (granulocytes) |
| Enzymatic mediators | cell movement, damage and repair of tissue |
| C3a, C4a | increase vasodilation, increase permeability, anaphylatoxin, phaocyte recruitment |
| C5a | increase vasodilation and permeability. Anaphylatoxin, chemotactic factor, phagocyte recruitment |
| Erythropoietin | erytrhocytes |
| TNF | triggers apoptosis, increase CAM fever and cytokines |
| IL-1 | fever, activate endothelium (attract neutrophils) |
| IL-2 | T-cell growth, T%B proliferation, NK proliferation |
| IL-3 | Growth of early hematopoietic progenitor cells |
| IL-4 | made by TH2; B Cell proliferation; IgE production |
| IL-5 | made by TH2 and mast; b cell growth, Antibody secretion, eosinophil activation |
| IL-6 | Fever, acute phase response |
| IL-8 | chemotaxis (recruit neutrophils) |
| IL-10 | made by macrophages and TH2; inhibits macrophage and dendritic cells |
| IL-12 | made by macrophages and dendrites; differentiation of t-cells, increase NK toxins, antiangiogenic, stimulates INF-gamma, TH1 production |
| IL-17 | induces inflammatory cytokines and PMN recruitment |
| INF-alpha | Type I; antiviral |
| INF-beta | Type I; antiviral |
| INF-gamma | type II; macrophage and NK activation, IgG, B and MHC production |
| G-CSF | Stimulates granulocyte adn stem cells |
| M-CSF | stimulates monocytes and macrophages |
| GM-CSF | stimulates granulocytes and monocytes |
| TGF-beta | inhibitory of macrophage T/B; anti-inflammatory, IgA |
| IgM | Complement Activation |
| IgG | Fc receptor-dependent phagocyte responses; complement activation; neonatal immunity (placental transfer) |
| IgE | Immunity against parasites. Environmental allergens. mast cell degranulation (immediate hypersensitivity) |
| IgA | mucosal immunity (transport of IgA thru epithelia |
| immunoglobulin which is passed thru the placenta | IgG 1,2,3 & 4 |
| What are chemokines | cause cells to move in a certain direction |
| IL-13 | made by TH2; B Cell proliferation; IgE production |
Created by:
tjamrose
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