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Unit 5 SOL Review
Pre-Civil War Era
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| sectionalism | feeling of strong ATTACHMENT and LOYALTY to a particular REGION of the country |
| The protective Tariff of 1832 | Tariff of 1832 placed a high TAX on IMPORTED GOODS to PROTECT a domestic (American) INDUSTRY in the North |
| abolitionist | individuals seeking to ABOLISH SLAVERY |
| The Liberator | ANTISLAVERY NEWSPAPER founded in 1831 in Boston by WILLIAM LLOYD GARRISON that told the story of slaves in an effort to stir the conscience of Americans |
| Uncle Tom’s Cabin | BOOK written by HARRIET BEECHER STOWE that told the story of the SUFFERINGS of a beautiful young SLAVE and her FIGHT FOR FREEDOM |
| fugitive slaves | RUNAWAY SLAVES |
| Missouri Compromise of 1820 | Congress allowed MISSOURI to become a SLAVE STATE and separated Massachusetts and allowed MAINE to be a new FREE STATE, balancing the number of free and slave states in Congress. New states above the southern boundary of LOUISIANA |
| Compromise of 1850 | CALIFORNIA admitted as a FREE STATE; New Mexico & Utah could decide about slavery by POPULAR SOVEREIGNTY |
| Kansas-Nebraska Act of 1854 | MISSOURI COMPROMISE LINE REPEALED & declared that the issue of SLAVERY in the KANSAS and NEBRASKA territories would be DECIDED BY POPULAR SOVEREIGNTY; BLOODY FIGHTING IN KANSAS led to the birth of the REPUBLICAN PARTY |
| popular sovereignty | ALLOWING THE PEOPLE of a state TO CHOOSE to be a SLAVE OR FREE state THROUGH ELECTION ON STATE CONSTITUTION. |
| Republican Party | POLITICAL PARTY founded in 1854 on an ANTI-SLAVERY PLATFORM |
| Dred Scott decision | SUPREME COURT DECISION that DEFINED SLAVES AS PROPERTY- NOT CITIZENS and UNDERSCORED (supported) STATES RIGHTS by overturning congressional efforts to limit the spread of slavery |
| Fugitive Slave Act | required SLAVES who escaped to free states to be FORCIBLY RETURNED to their owners in the South |
| Underground Railroad | SECRET ORGANIZATION and NETWORK OF GUIDES AND SAFE HOUSES dedicated to HELPING SLAVES GAIN THEIR FREEDOM |
| William Lloyd Garrison | ABOLITIONIST; PUBLISHER of the antislavery newspaper THE LIBERATOR |
| Harriet Beecher Stowe | author of antislavery book UNCLE TOM’S CABIN; wife of a New England clergyman |
| Nat Turner | SLAVE who led a REVOLT in VA, in 1831. Turner was captured, tried and hanged, but his revolt fed white Southern fears about slave rebellions, LED TO HARSH LAWS AGAINST FUGITIVE SLAVES and Southern abolitionists were “intimidated into silence.” |
| Gabriel Prosser | SLAVE IN HENRICO COUNTY, VIRGINIA who led an unsuccessful REVOLT IN RICHMOND in 1800 |
| Harriet Tubman | FORMER SLAVE, ABOLITIONIST involved in the UNDERGROUND RAILROAD |
| Abraham Lincoln | REPUBLICAN CANDIDATE FOR THE U.S. SENATE in 1858 who OPPOSED SPREAD OF SLAVERY INTO NEW STATES and DEBATED STEPHEN DOUGLAS |
| Stephen Douglas | DEMOCRATIC CANDIDATE FOR THE U.S. SENATE in 1858 who SUPPORTED POPULAR SOVEREIGNTY and DEBATED ABRAHAM LINCOLN |
| secession | the WITHDRAWAL of a state FROM THE UNION |
| election of 1860 | the election of LINCOLN to the Presidency which was followed by the SECESSION of several Southern states who feared that Lincoln would try to abolish slavery |
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