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Unit 4 SOL Review
Early National Period
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| political party | groups who NOMINATE CANDIDATES for office and TRY TO GET LAWS PASSED with which they agree |
| Federalist Party | political party led by JOHN ADAMS and ALEXANDER HAMILTON that believed in a STRONG NATIONAL GOVERNMENT and COMMERCIAL ECONOMY, supported by BANKERS and BUSINESS interests in the NORTHEAST |
| Bank of the United States | the FEDERAL BANK of the United States that held the reserves of the American government; proposed and started by ALEXANDER HAMILTON |
| Jay Treaty | a treaty between the U.S. and GREAT BRITAIN that solved many issues left over from the AMERICAN REVOLUTION AND THE TREATY OF PARIS OF 1783; caused ten or more years of PEACEFUL TRADE in the midst of the French Revolutionary Wars that had began in 1793 |
| Democratic-Republican Party | political party led by THOMAS JEFFERSON that believed in a WEAK NATIONAL GOVERNMENT and AGRICULTURAL ECONOMY; it was supported by FARMERS, ARTISANS, AND FRONTIER SETTLERS in the SOUTH |
| Manifest Destiny | the idea that it was a DIVINE PLAN that he UNITED STATES would STRETCH FROM THE ATLANTIC TO THE PACIFIC OCEAN |
| Louisiana Purchase | LAND WEST OF THE MISSISSIPPI RIVER bought from FRANCE under Napoleon during JEFFERSON’s administration (1803) that DOUBLED THE SIZE of the United States |
| Lewis & Clark Expedition | EXPLORATION of the LOUISIANA TERRITORY from St. Louis to the Pacific coast (1804 – 1806) by Merriwether Lewis and William Clark, who were appointed by THOMAS JEFFERSON; they hired an Indian guide and interpreter, SACAJAWEA, to help them |
| War of 1812 | war between BRITAIN and the UNITED STATES during JAMES MADISON’s administration; the war was fueled by BRITISH INTERFERENCE with AMERICAN SHIPPING and the IMPRESSMENT of Americans sailors into the British Navy |
| Oregon Territory | territory CLAIMED BY AMERICANS AFTER their victory over Britain in the WAR OF 1812 |
| Florida Territory | SPANISH territory that saw increased migration of American settlers after the War of 1812, which was later ACQUIRED BY TREATY from Spain |
| Migration | people leaving to go a NEW COUNTRY or area to take up PERMANENT RESIDENCE |
| Industrialization | the process of CONVERTING from hand-made TO MACHINE-MADE PRODUCTS |
| cotton gin | a MACHINE used for SEPARATING COTTON SEEDS FROM COTTON FIBER that was invented by ELI WHITNEY |
| “Cotton Kingdom” | the name given to the area of the DEEP SOUTH with large COTTON PLANTATIONS supported by SLAVE LABOR |
| Monroe Doctrine | President JAMES MONROE’s 1823 warning AGAINST NEW EUROPEAN COLONIZATION IN THE AMERICAS that established a new U.S. foreign policy |
| aristocracy | a GOVERNMENT in which POWER is given to those believed to be best qualified, usually the EDUCATED, RICH & POWERFUL |
| Age of the Common Man | a time period when MORE Americans got INVOLVED IN POLITICS because of changes in VOTING LAWS; this caused DIVISION of political parties and geographic regions |
| Age of Jackson | the PRESIDENCY OF ANDREW JACKSON, 1829-1837; the “DEMOCRATIC SPIRIT” of Jackson challenged the economic elites and the National Bank |
| “spoils system | Jackson started GIVING PUBLIC OFFICES to members of the victorious party, even if they didn’t have skills or experience for the job |
| Democratic Party | new political party in the 1820’s; JACKSON was the FIRST elected DEMOCRATIC PRESIDENT |
| Whig Party | a POLITICAL PARTY created by those who DIDN’T LIKE THE DEMOCRATIC PARTY |
| Know-Nothing Party | a POLITICAL PARTY created by those who DIDN’T LIKE THE DEMOCRATIC PARTY |
| Women’s Suffrage Movement | a REFORM MOVEMENT that began before the Civil War and continued until 1920; it was led by STANTON & ANTHONY to proclaim the WOMEN’S RIGHT TO VOTE |
| suffrage | the right to VOTE |
| Seneca Falls Declaration | the STATEMENT OF WOMEN’S RIGHTS written at the Seneca Falls Convention, patterned after the Declaration of Independence |
| “Trail of Tears” | the FORCED JOURNEY OF CHEROKEE INDIANS from their homes along the Atlantic Coast to land in OKLAHOMA (1838-1839) |
| reservations | PUBLIC LAND set aside by the American government on which INDIANS COULD LIVE |
| Alamo | FAMOUS BATTLE at an abandoned mission in San Antonio, Texas, in which a band of TEXANS FOUGHT TO THE LAST MAN against a superior force of Mexicans |
| Texas statehood | Texans wanted to become a state after they defeated the Mexicans and BECAME INDEPENDENT IN 1836; CONGRESS APPROVED ANNEXATION OF TEXAS AS A STATE IN 1844, after a debate over slavery and fears of war with Mexico |
| Mexican War | war between Mexico and the United States from 1846 to 1848; AMERICAN VICTORY led to acquisition of territory that became states of CALIFORNIA, NEVADA, UTAH, ARIZONA and parts of COLORADO and NEW MEXICO |
| George Washington | VIRGINIAN who was unanimously elected 1st PRESIDENT of the U. S.; did not belong to a political party; built a strong executive branch |
| John Adams | FEDERALIST lawyer from MASSACHUSETTS, started the FEDERALIST PARTY with Hamilton, 1st VICE-PRESIDENT, 2nd PRESIDENT OF THE UNITED STATES |
| Alexander Hamilton | FEDERALIST from NEW YORK, author of FEDERALIST PAPERS, started the FEDERALIST PARTY with Adams, 1st SECRETARY OF THE TREASURY, started the Bank of the United States |
| Thomas Jefferson | VIRGINIA lawyer who wrote the DECLARATION OF INDEPENDENCE and the VIRGINIA STATUTE OF RELIGIOUS FREEDOM, 1st SECRETARY OF STATE who started the Democratic-Republican Party, 3rd PRESIDENT, purchased LOUISIANA TERRITORY from France |
| James Madison | AUTHOR / FATHER OF THE CONSTITUTION, author of the VIRGINIA PLAN, 4th PRESIDENT of the United States, President during the WAR OF 1812 |
| James Monroe | DEMOCRATIC-REPUBLICAN, Governor of and Senator from VIRGINIA, 5th PRESIDENT, author of MONROE DOCTRINE |
| Meriwether Lewis | EXPLORER hired by THOMAS JEFFERSON to explore the LOUISIANA TERRITORY with William Clark |
| William Clark | EXPLORER hired by THOMAS JEFFERSON to explore the LOUISIANA TERRITORY with Meriwether Lewis |
| Sacajawea | SHOSHONE INDIAN woman hired by LEWIS & CLARK to serve as a TRANSLATOR AND GUIDE as they explored the LOUISIANA TERRITORY |
| Eli Whitney | INVENTOR OF THE COTTON GIN, a machine used for separating cotton seeds from cotton fiber |
| Elizabeth Cady Stanton | leader of the WOMEN’S SUFFRAGE movement and organizer of the Seneca Falls Conventio |
| Susan B. Anthony | leader of the WOMEN’S SUFFRAGE movement |
| Andrew Jackson | 7TH PRESIDENT of the United States, presidency marked by controversy over the 2ND BANK OF THE UNITED STATES; ordered the TRAIL OF TEARS |
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