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B review pathology
board review for pathology
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Ankylosing spondylitis | autoimmune disease, HLA B-27 |
| First group of muscles involved in Duchenne muscular dystrophy? | pelvic girdle |
| Vitamin K deficiency | bruising and bleeding |
| Reiter's syndrome | arthritis, Urthritis, conjunctivitis and skin rash |
| Fissures in articular cartilage and decreased proteoglycan within the matrix | osteoarthritis |
| deficiency of vitamin B12 results in this anemia | megaloblastic anemia |
| Chronic rheumatoid arthritis and splenomegaly | Felty's syndrome |
| Elephantiasis | obstruction of draining lymphatics |
| Multiple myeloma | malignant plasma cells, Bence Jones protein, M spike |
| AIDS | CD4 (T helper cells) |
| Pyogenic osteomyelitis affects which part of the bone | metaphysis |
| most common cause of pyogenic osteomyelitis | Staph. aureus |
| Pathological lesions in basal ganglia | Parkinson, Huntington, Wilson |
| Excess uric acid | gout |
| monosodium ureate crystals | gout, tophi |
| Hashimoto's disease | hypothyroidism, autoimmune |
| Most common malignant bone tumor | metastatic tumors |
| most common primary malignant bone tumors | osteosarcoma |
| Most common location for osteosarcoma | metaphysis of long bones around knee joint |
| Most common benign tumor in the uterus | leiomyoma |
| Type of necrosis most common in CNS | liquefactive |
| Kernicterus | unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia reaching the basal ganglia of infants |
| Accumulation of glucocerebrosides in the cells | Gaucher's disease |
| Both UMNL and LMNL occur in | amyotrophic lateral sclerosis |
| Thiamin deficiency causes | dry and wet beriberi |
| Hemophilia A | deficiency of antihemophilic globulin (factor 8) |
| Hemophilia B | deficiency of Christmas factor (factor 9) |
| Movement of leukocytes in response to concentration gradient of chemokines | chemotaxis |
| Smoking is a major cause of | cancer lung, thromboangitis obliterans, chronic bronchitis |
| Implicated in cancer cervix, vagina, and vulva | Human papilloma virus (types 16 & 18) |
| Signs in Kwashiorkor | edema, flaky-paint skin, retardation of growth, hepatomegaly |
| Marasmus is caused by | deficiency of calories (CHO and lipids) |
| T lymphocyte that helps in function of B lymphocyte | CD4 |
| Most important leukocyte in acute inflammation | neutrophils |
| Example of granulomatous inflammation | TB, leprosy, syphilis, Sarcoidosis |
| Lesions in tertiary stage of syphilis | gumma, cardiovascular syphilis (aneurysm, aortic regurge) and neurosyphilis (meningovascular syphilis, paresis, tabes dorsalis) |
| Important factor in the deline of cervical cancer? | routine PAP smears |
| Decreased blood proteins | edema (decreased colloidal OP) |
| Arachnodactayly, subluxation of the lens, cardiac defects and hyperextensibility of the joints, aortic aneurysm | Marfan's syndrome |
| Albers Shoenberg disease | marble bone disease, defective function of osteoclast |
| Clinical features of Parkinson disease is related to | extrapyramidal system (deficiency of dopamine secreted by pigmented neurons in substania nigra of midbrain) |
| Familial hypercholesterolemia is considered as | most common autosomal dominant disease in USA (cholesterol receptors on liver cells) |
| A 25 year old female represents by weakness o extraocular muscles | myasthenia gravis |
| Most common symptom in esophageal cancer | dysphagia |
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