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HSCI 131
Chapter 12 Female Reproductive System
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| external genitalia | sex, or reproductive, organs visible on the outside of the body |
| gestation | length of time from conception to birth |
| lactation | production and release of milk by mammary glands |
| orifice | mouth; entrance, or outlet of any anatomical structure |
| amni/o | amnion (amniotic sac) |
| amniocentesis | surgical puncture of the amniotic sac |
| cervic/o | neck; cervix |
| cervicitis | inflammation of the cervix |
| colp/o | vagina |
| colposcopy | visual examination of the vagina |
| vagin/o | vagina |
| vaginocele | vaginal hernia |
| galact/o or lact/o | milk |
| galactopoiesis | production of milk |
| lactogen | forming or producing milk |
| gynec/o | woman, female |
| gynecologist | physician specializing in treating disorders of the female reproductive system |
| hyster/o | uterus (womb) |
| hysterectomy | removal of the uterus |
| metri/o or metr/o | uterus (womb) |
| endometrial | pertaining to the lining of the uterus |
| uter/o | uterus (womb) |
| uterovaginal | relating to the uterus and vagina |
| mamm/o or mast/o | breast |
| mammogram | radiograph of the breast |
| mastopexy | surgical fixation of the breast |
| men/o | menses, menstruation |
| menorrhagia | bursting forth menstruation |
| metroptosis | prolapse or downward displacement of the uterus |
| nat/o | birth |
| prenatal | pertaining to the time period before birth |
| oophor/o | ovary |
| oophoroma | ovarian tumor |
| ovari/o | ovary |
| ovariorrhexis | rupture of an ovary |
| perine/o | perineum |
| perineorrhaphy | suture of the perineum |
| salping/o | tube (usually fallopian or eustachian) |
| salpingoplasty | surgical repair of a fallopian tube |
| -arche | beginning |
| menarche | beginning of menstruation |
| -cyesis | pregnancy |
| pseudocyesis | false pregnancy |
| -gravida | pregnant woman |
| multigravida | woman who has been pregnant more than once |
| -para | to bear (offspring) |
| nullipara | woman who has never produced a viable offspring |
| -salpinx | tube (usually fallopian or eustachian) |
| hemosalpinx | blood in a fallopian tube |
| -tocia | childbirth; labor |
| dystocia | difficult childbirth |
| -version | turning |
| ante- | before, in front of |
| anteversion | tipping or turning forward of an organ |
| dys- | bad; painful |
| dysmenorrhea | painful menstruation |
| endo- | in; within |
| endometritis | inflammation of tissue within the uterus |
| multi- | many |
| multipara | woman who has delivered more than one viable infant regardless of whether the offspring was born alive |
| post- | after |
| primi- | first |
| primigravida | woman during her first pregnancy |
| atresia | congenital absence or closure of a normal body opening, such as a vagina |
| choriocarcinoma | malignant neoplasm of the uterus or at the site of an ectopic pregnancy |
| dyspareunia | occurrence of pain during sexual intercourse |
| endocervicitis | inflammation of the mucous lining of the cervix uteri |
| retroversion | turning or state of being turned back, especially an entire organ, such as the uterus being tipped from its normal position |
| uterine fibroids | benign tumors composed of muscle and fibrous tissue that develop in the uterus |
| sterility | inability of the female to become pregnant or the male to impregnate the female |
| abortion | termination of pregnancy before the embryo or fetus is capable of surviving outside the uterus |
| abruptio placentae | premature separation of the placenta from the uterine wall before the third stage of labor |
| breech presentation | common abnormality of delivery in which the fetal buttocks or feet present first rather than the head |
| down syndrome | genetic condition in which a person has 47 chromosomes instead of the usual 46 and occurs wen there is an extra copy of chromosome 21, which causes delays in the way a child develops mentally and physically |
| eclampsia | most serious form of toxemia during pregnancy |
| ectopic pregnancy | pregnancy in which the fertilized ovum does not reach the uterine cavity but becomes implanted on any tissue other than the lining of the uterine cavity, such as fallopian tube, an ovary, the abdomen, or even the cervix uteri |
| placenta previa | obstetric complication in which the placenta is attached close to or covers the cervical canal that results in bleeding during labor when the cervix dilates |
| intrauterine device (IUD) | small, T shaped device inserted by a physician inside the uterus to prevent pregnancy |
| cerclage | suturing of the cervix to prevent it from dilating prematurely during pregnancy, thus decreasing the chance of a spontaneous abortion |
| cesarean section | incision of the abdomen and uterus to remove the fetus |
| colpocleisis | surgical closure of the vaginal canal |
| conization | excision of a cone-shaped piece of tissue, such as mucosa of the cervix, for histological examination |
| cordocentesis | sampling of fetal blood drawn from the umbilical vein and performed under ultrasound guidance |
| cryosurgery | process of freezing tissue to destroy cells |
| dilation and curettage (D&C) | widening of the cervical canal with a dilator and scraping of the uterine endometrium with a curette |
| hysterectomy | excision of the uterus |
| subtotal hysterectomy | hysterectomy where the cervix, ovaries, and fallopian tubes remain |
| total hysterectomy | hysterectomy where the cervix is removed but the ovaries and fallopian tubes remain |
| total plus bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy | total (complete) hysterectomy, including removal of the uterus, cervix, fallopian tubes and ovaries |
| laparoscopy | visual examination of the abdominal cavity with a laparoscope through one or more small incisions in the abdominal wall, usually at the umbilicus |
| lumpectomy | excision of a small primary breast tumor (or "lump") and some of the normal tissue that surrounds it |
| mammoplasty | surgical reconstruction of the breast(s) to change the size, shape, or position |
| breast augmentation | insertion of a breast prosthesis (filled with silicone gel or saline) beneath the skin or beneath the pectorals major muscle |
| breast reduction | breast reduction to reduce the size of a large, pendulous breast |
| mastectomy | excision of the entire breast |
| total (simple) mastectomy | excision of the entire breast, nipple, areola, and the involved overlying skin |
| modified radical mastectomy | excision of the entire breast, including the lymph nodes in the underarm (axillary dissection) |
| radical mastectomy | excision of the entire breast, all underarm lymph nodes, and chest wall muscles under the breast |
| reconstructive breast surgery | creation of a breast-shaped mound to replace a breast that has been removed due to cancer or other disease |
| tissue (skin) expansion | common breast reconstruction technique in which a balloon expander is inserted beneath the skin and chest muscle, saline solution is gradually injected to increase size, and the expander is then replaced with a more permanent implant |
| transverse rectus abdominis muscle (TRAM) flap | surgical creation of a skin flap using skin and fat from the lower half of the abdomen, which is passed under the skin to the breast area, and then shaping the abdominal tissue (flap) into a natural looking breast and suturing it into place |
| tubal ligation | procedure that ties (ligates) the fallopian tubes to prevent pregnancy |
| amniocentesis | transabdominal puncture of the amniotic sac under ultrasound guidance using a needle (position verified on a monitor screen) and syringe to remove amniotic fluid |
| colposcopy | visual examination of the vagina and cervix with an optical magnifying instrument |
| insufflation | delivery of pressurized air or gas into a cavity, chamber or organ to allow visual examination, remove an obstruction, or apply medication |
| tubal insufflation | test for patency of the uterine tubes made by transuterine insufflation with carbon dioxide |
| pelvimetry | measurement of pelvic dimensions to determine whether the head of the fetus will be able to pass through the bony pelvis to allow delivery |
| chorionic villus sampling (CVS) | sampling of placental tissues for prenatal diagnosis of potential genetic defects |
| endometrial biopsy | removal of a sample of uterine endometrium for microscopic study |
| Papanicolaou (pap) test | cytological study to detect abnormal cells sloughed from the cervix and vagina, usually obtained during routine pelvic examination |
| hysterosalpingography | radiography and, usually, fluoroscopy of the uterus and uterine tubes following injection of a contract medium |
| mammography | radiographic examination of the breast to screen for breast cancer |
| ultrasonography | use of high-frequency sound waves directed at soft tissue and reflected as echoes to produce an image on a monitor of an internal body structure |
| transvaginal ultrasonography | US of the pelvic area performed with a probe inserted into the vagina, which provides sharper images of pathological and normal structures within the pelvis |
| vulva | external genitalia collectively (labia minora and majora, clitoris, bartholin glands, mons pubis, pubic bone) |
| perineum | the area between the vaginal orifice and the anus |
| ova | female reproductive cells |
| ovaries | almond-shaped glands located in the pelvic cavity, one on each side of the uterus |
| graafian follicles | found in the ovaries; each contain an ovum |
| ovulation | when an ovum ripens, the mature follicle moves to the surface of the ovary, ruptures, and releases the ovum |
| corpus luteum | small yellow mass that secretes estrogen and progesterone |
| uterus | contains and nourishes the embryo from the time the fertilized egg is implanted until the fetus is born, normally in position of anteflexion (bent forward) and contains the fundus, body and cervix |
| fundus | upper rounded portion of uterus |
| cervix | neck of the uterus, portion that opens into the vagina |
| vagina | muscular tube that extends from the cervix to the exterior of the body. lubricated by bartholins gland, discharges menstrual flow, receptor of semen, sex organ |
| episiotomy | surgically incising the perineum to enlarge the vaginal opening for baby delivery |
| adipose tissue | enlarges the size of the breast until they reach full maturity |
| lactiferous duct | drain milk producing glands and open on the tip of the raised nipple |
| gestation | pregnancy |
| parturition | childbirth |
| embryo | what the child is referred to up to the third month of pregnancy |
| fetus | what the unborn child is referred to from the third month of pregnancy until birth |
| stage of dilation | stage one of labor: begins with uterine contractions and terminates when there is complete dilation of the cervix (10cm) |
| stage of expulsion | stage two of labor: the time from complete cervical dilation to birth of the baby |
| placental stage | last stage of labor: AKA afterbirth: begins shortly after childbirth when the uterine contractions discharge the placenta from the uterus |
| amenorrhea | absence of a period |
| climacteric | change of life: period in which symptoms of approaching menopause occur |
| vaginal atrophy | thinning |
| gynecology | branch of medicine concerned with diseases of the female reproductive organs and breasts |
| obstetrics | branch of medicine that manages the health of a woman and her fetus during pregnancy and childbirth |
| puerperium | period of adjustment after childbirth during which the reproductive organ os the mother return to their normal non pregnant state. usually lasts 6-8 weeks and ends with the first ovulation |
| dysmenorrhea | menstrual pain and tension |
| metrorrhagia | irregular uterine bleeding between menstrual periods |
| menorrhagia | profuse or prolonged bleeding during regular menstruation |
| premenstrual syndrome | PMS: headache, fatigue, mood changes, anxiety, depression, crying spells, water retention |
| endometriosis | presence of functional endometrial tissue outside of the uterus (known as implants, lesions or growths) |
| pelvic inflammatory disease | PID: inflammation of the uterus, fallopian tubes, ovaries and adjacent pelvic structures usually caused by a bacterial infection |
| pathogens | disease producing organisms |
| septicemia | bacteria in the blood |
| vaginitis | localized infections and inflammation confined to the vagina: itching, painful intercourse, bad smelling discharge |
| urethritis | urethral inflammation |
| moniliasis | yeast infection |
| mycostatics | anti fungal agents that suppress growth of fungi |
| breast cancer | carcinoma of the breast, most common malignancy of women in US |
| nulliparous | women who have never borne children |
Created by:
arehberg
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