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Sociology Test 1 BAC
Chapter 1 Key Terms
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Applied Sociology | The use of the discipline of sociology with the specific intent of yielding practical applications for human behavior and organizations. |
| Basic Sociology | Sociological inquiry conducted with the objective of gaining a more profound knowledge of the fundamental aspects of social phenomena. Also called pure sociology. |
| Casual Logic | The relationship between a condition or variable and a particular consequence, with one event leading to the other. |
| Clinical Sociology | The use of the discipline of sociology with the specific intent of altering social relationships or restructuring social institutions. |
| Code of Ethics | The standards of acceptable behavior developed by and for embers of a profession. |
| Conflict Perspective | A sociological approach that assumes that social behavior is best understood in terms of tension between groups over power or the allocation of resources , including housing,money,access to services, and political representation. |
| Content Analysis | The systematic coding and objective recording of data, guided by some rationale. |
| Control Group | Objects in an experiment who are not introduced to the independent variable by the researcher. |
| Control Variable | A factor held constant to test the relative impact of an independent variable. |
| Correlation | A correlation exists when change in one variable coincides with a change in the other. Correlations are an indication that causality may be present; they do not necessarily causation. |
| Cultural Capital | Noneconomic goods such as family background and education, which are reflected in a knowledge of language and the arts. |
| Dependent Variable | The variable in a casual relationship that is subject to the influence of another variable. |
| Double Consciousness | The division of an individual's identity into two or more social realities. |
| Dysfunction | An element or process of a society that may actually disrupt the social system or reduce its stability. |
| Ethnography | The study of an entire social setting through extended systematic observation. |
| Experiment | An artificially created situation that allows the researcher to manipulate variables. |
| Experimental Group | Subjects in an experiment who are exposed to an independent variable introduced by a researcher. |
| Feminist Perspective | A sociological approach that views inequality in gender as central to all behavior and organization. |
| Functionalist Perspective | A sociological approach that emphasizes the way that the parts of a society are structured to maintain its stability. |
| Hawthorne Effect | The unintended influence of observes or experiments on subjects of research. |
| Hypothesis | A speculative statement about the relationship between two or more variables. |
| Ideal Type | A constant or model that serves as a measuring rod agasint which is actual cases can be evaluated. |
| Independent Variable | The variable in a casual relationship that , when altered, causes or influences a change in a second variable. |
| Interactionist Perspective | A sociological approach that generalizes about everyday forms of social interaction. |
| Interview | A face to face or telephone questioning of a respondent to obtain desired information. |
| Latent Function | An unconscious or unintended function; hidden purpose. |
| Macrosociology | Sociological investigation that concentrates in large - scale phenomena or entire civilizations. |
| Manifest Function | An open, stated, and conscious function. |
| Microsociology | Sociological investigation that stresses the study of small groups, often through experimental means. |
| Natural Science | The study of the physical features of nature and the ways in which they interact and change. |
| Noneverbal Communication | The sending of messages through the use of posture, facial expressions, and gestures. |
| Observation | A research technique in which an investigator collects information through direct participation, by closely watching a group or community. |
| Operating Definition | An explanation of an abstract concept that is specific enough to allow a researcher to assess the concept. |
| Quantitative Research | Research that collects and reports data primarily in numerical form. |
| Qualitative Research | Research that relies more on what scientists see in the field or in naturalistic settings than on statistical data. |
| Questionare | A printed or written form used to obtain information for a respondent. |
| Random Sample | A sample for which every member of the entire population has the same chance of being selected. |
| Reliability | The extent to which a measure produces consistent results. |
| Research Design | A detailed plan or method for obtaining data scientifically. |
| Sample | A selection from a larger population that is statistically representative of that population. |
| Science | The body of knowledge obtained by methods based on systematic observation. |
| Scientific Method | A systematic, organized series of steps that ensures maximum objectivity and consistency in researching a problem. |
| Secondary Analysis | A variety of research techniques that make use of previously collected and publicly accessible information and data. |
| Social Capital | The collective benefit of social networks, which are built on reciprocal trust. |
| Social Science | The study of various aspects of human society. |
| Sociological Imagination | An awareness of the relationship between an individual and the wider society, both today and in the past. |
| Sociology | The scientific study of social behavior and human groups. |
| Survey | A study, generally in the form of an interview or questionnaire, that provides researchers with information about hot people think and act. |
| Theory | In sociology, a set of statements that seeks to explain problems, actions, or behavior. |
| Validity | The degrees to which a measure or scale rule reflects the phenomenon under study. |
| Variable | A measurable trait or characteristic that is subject to change under different conditions. |
| Verstehen | The German word for "understanding" or "insight"; used by Max Weber to stress the need for sociologists to take into account the subjective meanings people attach to their actions. |
Created by:
beth96
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