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PULJU - OGT - I.R.
***Pulju OGT study cards - HISTORY B
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| initiative | the right for citizens to propose a new law or get rid of an existing law through a vote |
| Knights of Labor | an early labor union (1869) which allowed African Americans, unskilled workers and women into its group |
| mass production | the making of goods in large amounts, often using an assembly line |
| migrant | a person who moves; one who moves within his own country |
| Populist Movement | a political movement in the United States during the 1890's. It called for reforms that would help farmer and workers |
| American Federation of Labor (AFL) | a group of labor unions that first joined together in 1886 to fight for better job conditions. |
| assembly_line | mechanical system in a factory whereby an article is conveyed through sites at which successive operations are performed on it |
| agriculture | farming; the science of growing crops and raising farm animals |
| American Federation of Labor (AFL) | a group of labor unions that first joined together in 1886 to fight for better job conditions |
| blue-collar worker | someone from the working class, often a factory worker or person who does heavy work or works with his/her hands |
| capitalism (capitalist) | an economic system in which businesses have private owners who make or sell goods for their own profit or for the profit of their shareholders |
| collective bargaining | negotiations or talks between a company and a union concerning wages, hours, and working conditions |
| communism | an economic system in which the businesses are owned and operated by the government; the government also decides what the workers will make |
| corporation | a business owned by stockholders who invest in the business and share in the profits |
| cottage industry | manufacturing goods in the home - in England prior to the IR, goods were bought in this type of industry |
| immigrant | a person who enters a country and makes it his home, often becoming a citizen of his new country Hint: they come IN when they IMmigrate |
| Industrialization | the growth of industry - effects all aspects of the ESP world |
| Urbanization | quick movement of people into the city in search of jobs |
| globalization | something that occurs all over the world - the idea that we are now connected with every country - we are more than a nation we are a world |
| Populism | agrarian (farmers) revolt; belief that ordinary people would be better at running the country than the rich and powerful |
| Progressivism | social and political movement with goal of: 1. fight corruption and big business 2. develop child labor legislation 3. protect the working class 4. provide education for all (build libraries) |
| Laissez faire | government's hands off policy that supports the idea that the economy must work as its own machine based on SUPPLY and DEMAND |
| social darwinism | survival of the fittest applied to human social life - justification for the poor, uneducated factory workers - later a justification for imperialism |
| Labor union | groups of workers who joined together to get better working conditions |
| modernization | the process of making something modern;up to date |
| Nativism | loyal to your nation or region |
| define muckrakers | journalists who exposed corruption in politics, business |
| define initiative | bill proposed by people, not lawmakers, put on ballots |
| what job did most lower class women do for employment in the 1800s | they worked as butlers or in factories |
| 3 major leaders of the womens suffrage movement | Susan B. Anthony, Elizabeth Stanton, Lucy Stone |
| what corruption was exposed by the book The Jungle | unsanitary sickening conditions of the meatpacking industry |
| who was the first "modern president" who used the presidency as a "bully pulpit" | Theodore Roosevelt |
| what was the purpose of the Pure Food and Dug Act | all food and medicine must have labels |
| what presidential candidate in the election of 1912 was disliked the most by progressives | William Howard Taft |
| know your map about woman's suffrage | learn how to read maps on tests |
| what 3 things changed because of the assembly line | less hours, less pay, more stuff being made, less accidents |
| what was the purpose of the prohibition movement what groups pushed for prohibition? | it banned alcohol beverages - to try and bring morals into famillies and society women's temperence movements pushed for the 18th amendment |
| all the poor farmers and changed it to private fields which were fenced. As a result, many poor farmers were unable to grow crops. Many became factory workers instead. | |
| suffrage | right to vote |
| collective bargaining | process by which a labor representatives and employers reach an agreement |
| strikes | workers refuse to do their jobs until their demands are met (usually higher wages, shorter work day, and safer working conditions) |
| migration | moving from one place to another within a country HINT - birds migrate south, or north...they dont fly over to england |
| urbanization | growth of cities due to migration, immigration, and increased birth rate |
| New England | became the industrial center in the United States |
| cotton | this crop was the staple of the economy in the southern United States |
| cotton gin invention | done by Eli Whitney, allowed for faster proccess in getting cotton |
| globalization | Refers to the fact that the economies of all of the nations of the world are increasingly interconnected. |
| urbanization | The transition from a rural society to a predominantly urban (city) society. |
| progressivism | A political philosophy developed in the 1890's that represented the interest of the people over the interest of big business. |
| Industrial society | a society in which people make their living from the production of goods |
| INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION | Beginning in England in the 1750's, it was a change in the way goods were produced. Instead of making goods at home by hand, people produced them in factories with large machines. |
| MASS PRODUCTION | Vast amounts of identical goods were made. |
| AGRICULTURAL REVOLUTION | New scientific methods and machinery had a positive impact on farming. |
| URBANIZATION | The movement of large numbers of people from rural areas to cities, primarily in search of jobs. |
| IMMIGRATION | People moving from other countries into the United States |
| LABOR UNIONS | Organized by workers so that they could act as a group with greater bargaining power than they had as individuals. |
| STRIKE | Workers halt all production hoping to put pressure on their employer to meet their demands. |
| KNIGHTS OF LABOR | Formed to serve as a single union for all workers skilled and unskilled. Demanded 8 hour workday, safety codes in factories, higher wages, end child labor, and equal pay for women. |
| AMERICAN FEDERATION OF LABOR | An organization created in 1881 as a loose combination of unions of skilled workers, like carpenters. |
| EMIGRATE | People moving out of a country to another country. |
| POPULIST PARTY | Formed by farmers, called for restrictions on railroad companies, an 8 hour workday, a progressive income tax, and direct elections of U.S. Senators. |
| PROGRESSIVE MOVEMENT | A political movement of the early 1900's which sought to correct the abuses of industrialization and to reform government. |
| MUCKRAKERS | Journalists who uncovered corruption and abuses in society. |
| LAISSEZ-FAIRE | The government should not interfere in the operations of businesses. |
| SHERMAN ANTITRUST ACT | Made monopolies illegal. - to foster competition which is GOOD for YOU!...the consumer |
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