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Psy of Language-CH 2
Linguistic principles
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Duality of Patterning | A grammatical concept that is basic to the study language A feature of a communication system in which a small number of meaningless units can be combined into a large number of meaningful units. |
| Phones | Speech sounds |
| Phonemes | Differences in sounds that make a contribution to meaning; they are indicated by slashes |
| Distinctive features | When a feature distinguishes one phoneme from another |
| Morphology | The study of (1) how words are structured (2) how words are put together from smaller parts (3) how language build words and indicate grammar relationships between words |
| Morpheme | The smallest meaningful unit in a language |
| Phrase-structure rules(PS rules) | Part of every language user's knowledge of his or her language is the knowledge of how constituents are put together and categorized in that language |
| Linguistics productivity | Our ability to create and comprehend novel utterances |
| Within linguistic theory, Langauge is | An infinite set of well-formed sentences |
| Within linguistic theory , a Grammar is | A formal device with a finite set of rules that generates the sentences in the language |
| Deep structure (from PS rules) | The level of linguistic structure assumed in transformation grammar (TG) that express the underlying semantic meaning of a sentence |
| Surface structure (from TG rules) | The level of syntactic structure assumed in TG that is closer to the phonetic specification of an utterance. |
| Derivational theory of complexity(DTC) | States the psychological complexity of a sentence is directly proportional to the length of its derivation. |
| Arbitrariness | No intrinsic relationship exist between the set of sounds and the object to which the sounds refer. |
| Four basic grammatical concepts | (1) Duality of patterning (2) Morphology (3) Phrase structure (4) Linguistic productivity |
| Bresnan's lexical-functional grammar has sometimes been called | psychologically realistic grammar |
| A parameter | is a grammatical feature that can be set to any of several values |
| A distinctive feature | is a characteristics of a speech sound whose presence or absence distinguishes the sound from other sounds |
| Four pervasive properties | are duality of patterning, morphology, phrase structure, and linguistic productivity |
Created by:
bettytseng122
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